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John Gresham Machen (1881-1937) was educated at Johns Hopkins University and Princeton Theological Seminary. After further study abroad he returned to Princeton as an instructor in New Testament. When he believed that Princeton was becoming too liberal, he and other conservatives began plans for a new seminary which would better adhere to the Westminster Standards. The new institution, known as Westminster Seminary opened in 1919 with Machen as president and professor of New Testament. Further differences with the Presbyterian denomination over a liberal attack on traditional missionary concepts led to his suspension from the ministry. This gave impetus to the formation of a new denomination, the Presbyterian Church of America, later renamed the Orthodox Presbyterian Church, with Machen as the first moderator.

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