Directory of Resources

Home > Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Denominations > Catholicism > Reference > Catholic Encyclopedia > S

Resources in This Category

• Sa, Manoel de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13285a.htm
  Portuguese theologian and exegete, b. at Villa do Conde (Province Entre-Minho-e-Douro), 1530; d. at Arona (Italy), 30 Dec., 1596.

• Saavedra Remírez de Baquedano, Angel de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13285b.htm
  Spanish poet and statesman, b. at Cordova, 10 March, 1791; d. at Madrid, 22 June, 1865.

• Saavedra, Fajardo Diego de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16073a.htm
  Statesman and author, b. at Algezares, Murcia, Spain, in 1584; d. at Madrid in 1648.

• Saba and Sabeans

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13285c.htm
  This Saba (Sheba) must not be confounded with Saba (Seba) in Ethiopia of Is., xliii, 3; xlv, 14. It lies in the Southern Arabian Jôf about 200 miles north-west of Aden.

• Sabaoth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13286a.htm
  In Hebrew, plural form of "host" or "army". The word is used almost exclusively in conjunction with the Divine name as a title of majesty: "the Lord of Hosts", or "the Lord God of Hosts".

• Sabbas, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13286b.htm
  St. Sabbas, or Sabas. Basilian monk, hermit, founded the monastery at Mar Saba near Jerusalem. Died 532. Article also mentions five other saints of this name.

• Sabbatarians, Sabbatarianism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13287a.htm
  Defines Sabbatarianism as a rigorist conflation of the Christian Sunday with the Jewish Sabbath, devotes attention to Seventh-Day Sabbatarianism as well.

• Sabbath

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13287b.htm
  The seventh day of the week among the Hebrews, the day being counted from sunset to sunset, that is, from Friday evening to Saturday evening.

• Sabbatical Year

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13289a.htm
  The seventh year, devoted to cessation of agriculture, and holding in the period of seven years a place analogous to that of the Sabbath in the week; also called "Year of Remission".

• Sabbatine Privilege

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13289b.htm
  The name Sabbatine Privilege is derived from the apocryphal Bull "Sacratissimo uti culmine" of John XXII, 3 March, 1322.

• Sabina, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13290a.htm
  Martyr in 126 or 127, at Rome.

• Sabinianus, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13291a.htm
  Reigned 604-606. The son of Bonus, he was born at Blera (Bieda) near Viterbo. In 593 he was sent by St. Gregory I as apocrisiarius or Apostolic nuncio to Constantinople; but in some respects his administration of the office did not come up to Gregory's expectations.

• Sabran, Louis de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13291b.htm
  Jesuit (1652-1732)

• Sabrata

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13292a.htm
  A titular see in Tripolitana. Sabrata was a Phoenician town on the northern coast of Africa, between the two Syrta. With Oca and Leptis Magna it caused the Greek name Tripolis to be given to the region.

• Sacchoni, Rainerio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13292b.htm
  A learned and zealous Dominican, born at Piacenza about the beginning of the thirteenth century; died about 1263.

• Sacra Jam Splendent

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13292c.htm
  The opening words of the hymn for Matins of the Feast of the Holy Family.

• Sacramentals

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13292d.htm
  In instituting the sacraments Christ did not determine the matter and form down to the slightest detail, leaving this task to the Church, which should determine what rites were suitable in the administration of the sacraments. These rites are indicated by the word Sacramentalia, the object of which is to manifest the respect due to the sacrament and to secure the sanctification of the faithful.

• Sacraments

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13295a.htm
  Presents the necessity, the nature, the origin/cause, the number, the effects, the minister, and the recipient of the Sacraments.

• Sacred Heart of Jesus, Missionaries of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13306a.htm
  A religious congregation of priests and lay brothers with the object of promoting the knowledge and practice of devotion to the Heart of Jesus as embodied in the revelations to Margaret Mary Alacoque.

• Sacred Heart of Jesus, Missionary Sisters of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13305b.htm
  A religious congregation having its general mother house at Rome, founded in 1880 by Mother Francis Xavier Cabrini.

• Sacred Heart of Jesus, Society of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14111b.htm
  An institution of religious women, taking perpetual vows and devoted to the work of education.

• Sacred Heart of Jesus, Society of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13306b.htm
  Founded in Belgium.

• Sacred Heart, Brothers of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13305a.htm
  A congregation founded in 1821 by Père André Coindre, of the Diocese of Lyons, France. Its constitutions were modeled upon the constitutions of St. Ignatius based upon the Rule of Saint Augustine. Its members bind themselves for life by the simple vows of religion.

• Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, Congregation of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13308a.htm
  Better known as the Congregation of Picpus, was founded by Father Coudrin, b. at Coursay-les-Bois, in Poiton on 1 March, 1768.

• Sacrifice

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13309a.htm
  This term is identical with the English offering (Latin offerre) and the German Opfer.

• Sacrilege

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13321a.htm
  The violation or injurious treatment of a sacred object. In a less proper sense any transgression against the virtue of religion would be a sacrilege.

• Sacris Solemniis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13321b.htm
  The opening words of the hymn for Matins of Corpus Christi and of the Votive Office of the Most Blessed Sacrament, composed by St. Thomas Aquinas.

• Sacristan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13322a.htm
  An officer who is charged with the care of the sacristy, the church, and their contents. In ancient times many duties of the sacristan were performed by the doorkeepers (ostiarii), later by the mansionarii and the treasurers.

• Sacristy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13322b.htm
  A room in the church or attached thereto, where the vestments, church furnishings and the like, sacred vessels, and other treasures are kept, and where the clergy meet and vest for the various ecclesiastical functions.

• Sadducees

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13323a.htm
  A politico-religious sect of the Jews during the late post-Exile and New-Testament period. The old derivation of the name from tsaddiqim, i.e. the righteous; with assumed reference to the adherence of the Sadducees to the letter of the Law as opposed to the pharasaic attention to the superadded "traditions of the elders", is now generally discredited.

• Sadler, Thomas Vincent Faustus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13323b.htm
  Missionary born 1604; died at Dieulward, Flanders, 19 Jan., 1680-1.

• Sadlier, Mary Anne Madden

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13323c.htm
  Authoress, b. at Cootehill, Co. Cavan, Ireland, 30 Dee., 1820; d. at Montreal, Canada, 5 April, 1903.

• Sadoleto, Jacopo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13324a.htm
  Cardinal, humanist, and reformer (1477-1547)

• Sagalassus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13324b.htm
  A titular see in Pisidia, suffragan of Antioch.

• Sahagún, Bernardino de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13325a.htm
  Missionary and Aztec archeologist, b. at Sahagún, Kingdom of Leon, Spain, in or before the year 1500; d. at Mexico, 23 Oct., 1590.

• Sahaptin Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13326a.htm
  A prominent tribe formerly holding a considerable territory in Western Idaho and adjacent portions of Oregon and Washington.

• Sahara, Vicariate Apostolic of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13327a.htm
  Vast desert of northern Africa, measuring about 932 miles from north to south and 2484 miles from east to west, and dotted with oases which are centres of population.

• Sailer, Johann Michael

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13328a.htm
  Professor of theology and Bishop of Ratisbon, b. at Aresing in Upper Bavaria 17 October, 1751; d. 20 May, 1832, at Ratisbon.

• Sainctes, Claude de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13328b.htm
  French controversialist, b. at Perche, 1525; d. at Crèvecoeur, 1591.

• Saint Albans, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13329a.htm
  Located in Hertfordshire, England; founded about 793 by Offa, king of the Mercians.

• Saint Albert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13329b.htm
  Diocese in Canada.

• Saint Andrews and Edinburgh

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13330a.htm
  The exact date of the foundation of the See of St. Andrews is, like any others in the earliest history of the Scottish Church, difficult, if not impossible, to fix.

• Saint Andrews, Priory of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13332b.htm
  One of the great religious houses in Scotland and the metropolitan church in that country before the Reformation.

• Saint Andrews, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13332a.htm
  The germ of the university is to be found in an association of learned ecclesiastics, formed in 1410, among whom were: Laurence of Lindores, Abbot of Scone, Richard Cornwall, Archdeacon of Lothian, Wm. Stephen, afterwards Archbishop of Dunblane. They offered courses of lectures in divinity, logic, philosophy, canon and civil law.

• Saint Asaph, Ancient Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13332c.htm
  Founded by St. Kentigern about the middle of the sixth century when he was exiled from his see in Scotland.

• Saint Augustine, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13333a.htm
  Benedictine monastery, originally dedicated to Sts. Peter and Paul, founded in 605 outside of the City of Canterbury, on the site of the earlier Church of St. Pancras.

• Saint Bartholomew's Day

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13333b.htm
  This massacre of which Protestants were the victims occurred in Paris on 24 August, 1572 (the feast of St. Bartholomew), and in the provinces of France during the ensuing weeks, and it has been the subject of knotty historical disputes.

• Saint Benedict, Medal of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13338a.htm
  A medal, originally a cross, dedicated to the devotion in honour of St. Benedict.

• Saint Bonaventure, College of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13339a.htm
  At Quaracchi, near Florence, Italy, famous as the centre of literary activity in the Order of Friars Minor, was founded 14 July, 1879, by Mgr. Bernardino del Vago, Archbishop of Sardis, then minister general of the order.

• Saint Boniface

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13339b.htm
  Archdiocese; the chief ecclesiastical division of the Canadian West, so-called after the patron saint of the German soldiers who were among its first settlers.

• Saint Cloud

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13342a.htm
  A suffragan of the Archdiocese of St. Paul, Minn., comprises the counties of Stearns, Sherburne, Benton, Morrison, Mille Lacs, Kanabec, Grant, Pope, Stevens, Isanti, Traverse, Douglas, Wilkin, Otter-Tail, Todd, Wadena, in the State of Minnesota, an area of 12,251 square miles. The bishop resides in St. Cloud, Stearns county.

• Saint Francis Mission

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13348a.htm
  A noted Catholic Indian mission village under Jesuit control near Pierreville, Yamaska district, Province of Quebec, Canada.

• Saint Francis Xavier's College, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15198a.htm
  University in Nova Scotia founded in 1885 under the name of St. Francis Xavier's College

• Saint Gall

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13349a.htm
  A Swiss bishopric directly subject to the Holy See. It includes the Canton of St. Gall and, as a temporary arrangement, the two half-cantons of Appenzell Outer Rhodes and Appenzell Inner Rhodes.

• Saint George's

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13351a.htm
  Diocese in Newfoundland. Beginning at Garnish it takes in the western portion of the south coast and then stretches along the Gulf of St. Lawrence, northwards, almost as far as the Straits of Belle Isle, lying between 55° 20' and 59° 30' west longitude and between 47° 30' and 51° 20' north latitude.

• Saint George, Orders of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13350a.htm
  Knights of St. George appear at different historical periods and in different countries as mutually independent bodies having nothing in common but the veneration of St. George, the patron of knighthood.

• Saint Hyacinthe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13351b.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Quebec, suffragan of Montreal.

• Saint Isidore, College of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13352a.htm
  In Rome, originally founded for the use of Spanish Franciscans during the pontificate of Gregory XV.

• Saint James of Compostela, Order of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13353a.htm
  Founded in the twelfth century, owes its name to the national patron of Spain, St. James the Greater.

• Saint John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13355a.htm
  Diocese in the Province of New Brunswick, Canada.

• Saint John's University

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15204d.htm
  The legal title of a Catholic boarding-school at Collegeville, Minnesota, conducted by the Benedictine Fathers of St. John's Abbey.

• Saint Joseph's College, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15199a.htm
  Founded in 1864 by Rev. Camille Lefebvre in Memramcook, New Brunswick, Canada.

• Saint Joseph, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13356b.htm
  The City of St. Joseph, Missouri, was founded by Joseph Robidoux, a Catholic. At the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore in 1866, St. Joseph was among the new episcopal sees proposed.

• Saint Louis (Missouri)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13357a.htm
  Created a diocese 2 July, 1826; raised to the rank of an archdiocese 20 July, 1847.

• Saint Louis, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13363a.htm
  Probably the oldest university west of the Mississippi River, was founded in the City of St. Louis in 1818 by the Right Reverend Louis William Du Bourg, Bishop of Louisiana.

• Saint Lucius, Monastery of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13365a.htm
  Located in Chur, Switzerland. The Church of St. Lucius was built over the grave of this saint, whose relics were preserved in it until the sixteenth century.

• Saint Mark, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13365b.htm
  The highest institution of learning in Peru, located at Lima, under the official name of Universidad Mayor de San Marcos. Reputed to be the oldest university in the New World, created by a royal decree of 12 May, 1551.

• Saint Omer, College of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13365c.htm
  Well-known Jesuit college at St. Omer, often spoken of under the anglicized form of St. Omers or St. Omer's, founded by Father Parsons in 1592 or 1593.

• Saint Paul (Minnesota)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13366b.htm
  Archdiocese comprising the counties of Ramsey, Hennepin, Chisago, Anoka, Dakota, Scott, Wright, Rice, Lesueur, Carver, Nicollet, Sibley, Meeker, Redwood, Renville, Kandiyohi, Lyon, Lincoln, Yellow Medicine, Lac-Qui-Parle, Chippewa, Swift, Goodhue, Big Stone, and Brown, which stretch across the State of Minnesota from east to west, in about the center of its southern half.

• Saint Paul-without-the Walls

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13369a.htm
  An abbey nullius. As early as 200 the burial place of the great Apostle in the Via Ostia was marked by a cella memoriæ, near which the Catacomb of Comodilla was established.

• Saint Peter, Basilica of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13369b.htm
  The present Church of St. Peter stands upon the site where at the beginning of the first century the gardens of Agrippina lay.

• Saint Peter, Tomb of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13374a.htm
  The history of the confusion and conflicting authorities surrounding the location of the tomb of Saint Peter.

• Saint Petersburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13374b.htm
  The imperial residence and second capital of Russia, lies at the mouth of the Neva on the Gulf of Finland.

• Saint Sylvester, Order of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13381a.htm
  The Order is neither monastic nor military but a purely honorary title created by Gregory XVI, 31 Oct., 1841.

• Saint Thomas of Guiana

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13382a.htm
  Diocese; suffragan of Caracas, erected by Pius VI on 19 Dec., 1791, comprises the former state of Bermúdez, districts of Nueva Esparta and Guayana, and territories of Amazonas, Caura, Colón, Orinoco, and Yuruary, in the south and east of Venezuela.

• Saint Thomas of Mylapur

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13382b.htm
  Diocese. Suffragan to the primatial See of Goa in the East Indies.

• Saint Thomas, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13381b.htm
  Diocese comprising the Islands of São Thomé and Principe, in the Gulf of Guinea.

• Saint Thomas, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13381c.htm
  University in Manila, founded in 1619 by the Dominican Miguel de Benavides, Archbishop of Manila.

• Saint Vincent de Paul, Society of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13389a.htm
  International association of Catholic laymen engaging in personal service of the poor.

• Saint-Brieuc

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13340a.htm
  Diocese; comprises the Department of the Côtes du Nord. Re-established by the Concordat of 1802 as suffragan of Tours, later, in 1850, suffragan of Rennes.

• Saint-Claude

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13341a.htm
  The Diocese of Saint-Claude comprised in the eighteenth century only twenty-six parishes, subject previously to the Abbey of Saint-Claude, and some parishes detached from the Dioceses of Besançon and Lyons.

• Saint-Cosme, Jean-François Buisson de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13343a.htm
  Born in Quebec, Canada, February, 1667; killed, 1707. Entering the Séminaire des Missions Etrangères of Quebec, he was ordained in 1690 and after serving for a time at Minas, Nova Scotia (then Acadia), was assigned to the western mission.

• Saint-Denis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13344a.htm
  Diocese erected in 1850 as suffragan of Bordeaux, includes the Island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean about 350 miles cast of Madagascar.

• Saint-Denis, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13343b.htm
  Situated in a small town to which it has given its name, about four miles north of Paris.

• Saint-Dié

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13344b.htm
  Diocese comprising the Department of the Vosges.

• Saint-Flour

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13347b.htm
  Diocese comprising the Department of Cantal, and is suffragan of the Archbishopric of Bourges.

• Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13353b.htm
  Diocese of Mauramanensis. Includes the arrondissement of Saint Jean-de-Maurienne in the Department of Haute Savoie.

• Saint-John, Ambrose

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13354a.htm
  Oratorian; b. 1815; d. at Edgbaston, Birmingham, 24 May, 1875; son of Henry St. John, descended from the Barons St. John of Bletsoe.

• Saint-Ouen, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13366a.htm
  Located in Rouen, France, this abbey was a Benedictine monastery of great antiquity dating back to the early Merovingian period.

• Saint-Pierre and Miquelon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13376a.htm
  Prefecture apostolic comprising the only French possession in North America, a group of islands.

• Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13377a.htm
  Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, was born in Paris, 17 Oct., 1760; died there, 19 May, 1825. He belonged to the family of the author of the "Memoirs".

• Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13376b.htm
  Born 16 January, 1675; died in Paris, 2 March, 1755.

• Saint-Sulpice, Society of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13378a.htm
  Founded at Paris by M. Olier (1642) for the purpose of providing directors for the seminaries established by him.

• Saint-Vallier, Jean-Baptiste de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13387a.htm
  Second Bishop of Quebec, b. at Grenoble, France, 14 Nov. 1653; d. at Quebec, Canada, 26 Dec., 1727; son of Jean de La Croix de Chevrières, and Marie de Sayne.

• Saint-Victor, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13388a.htm
  In 1108 William of Champeaux retired to a small hermitage dedicated to St. Victor, the martyr soldier. He was followed by many disciples and induced again to take up his lectures. Hence the origin of the Royal Abbey and School of St. Victor.

• Saint-Victor, Achard de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13388b.htm
  Canon regular, Abbot of St-Victor, Paris, and Bishop of Avranches, b. about 1100; d. 1172.

• Sainte-Claire Deville, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13346a.htm
  Geologist, b. at St. Thomas, West Indies, 26 February, 1814; d. in Paris 10 October, 1876.

• Sainte-Claire Deville, Henri-Etienne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13346b.htm
  Chemist, b. at St. Thomas, West Indies, 11 March, 1818; d. at Boulogne, 1 July, 1881.

• Sainte-Geneviève, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13347a.htm
  In Paris, founded by King Clovis who established there a college of clerics, later called canons regular.

• Saints Vincent and Anastasius, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13380a.htm
  Located near Rome.

• Sala, George Augustus Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13391a.htm
  Journalist, b. in London, 24 Nov., 1828; d. at Brighton, 8 Dec., 1895, having been received into the Church before death.

• Salamanca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13391b.htm
  Article on the Spanish diocese.

• Salamanca, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13392a.htm
  Spanish university. Had its beginning in the Cathedral School under the direction, from the twelfth century, of a magister scholarum (chancellor).

• Salamis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13393a.htm
  A titular see in Cyprus. Salamis was a maritime town on the eastern coast of Cyprus, situated at the end of a fertile plain between two mountains, near the River Pediaeus.

• Salamon, Louis-Siffren-Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13395a.htm
  Bishop of Saint-Flour; b. at Carpentras, 22 Oct., 1759; d. at Saint-Flour, 11 June, 1829.

• Salazar, Domingo de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13395b.htm
  Born in La Rioja, in the village of La Bastida on the banks of the Ebro, 1512; died in Madrid, 4 December, 1594. Devoted to the conversion of natives of the new world.

• Sale

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13395c.htm
  Saliensis. Diocese in Victoria, Australia, comprises all the territory known as Gippsland.

• Salem

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13396a.htm
  An abbey situated near the Castle of Heiligenberg, about ten miles from Constance, Baden (Germany).

• Salerno

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13396b.htm
  Diocese in Campania, Southern Italy. The city is situated on the gulf of the same name, backed by a high rock crowned with an ancient castle.

• Salesian Society, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13398b.htm
  Founded by Saint John Bosco, takes its distinctive name from its patron, Saint Francis de Sales.

• Salford

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13399a.htm
  The Diocese of Salford comprises the Hundreds of Salford and Blackburn, in Lancashire, England, and was erected 29 Sept., 1850.

• Salimbene degli Adami

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13400a.htm
  Chronicler, b. at Parma, 9 Oct., 1221; d. probably at Montefalcone about 1288.

• Salisbury, Ancient Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13401a.htm
  The diocese was originally founded by Birinus, who in 634 established his see at Dorchester in Oxfordshire, whence he evangelized the Kingdom of Wessex. From this sprang the later Dioceses of Winchester, Sherborne, Ramsbury, and Salisbury.

• Saliva Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13401b.htm
  The principal of a small group of tribes constituting a distinct linguistic stock (the Salivan), centring in the eighteenth century, about and below the junction of the Meta and Orinoco, in Venezuela.

• Salmanticenses and Complutenses

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13401c.htm
  Authors of the courses of scholastic philosophy and theology, and moral theology.

• Salmas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13402a.htm
  A Chaldean see, included in the ancient Archdiocese of Adhorbigan, or Adherbaidjan.

• Salmeron, Alphonsus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13402b.htm
  Jesuit Biblical scholar, born at Toledo, 8 Sept., 1515; died at Naples, 13 Feb., 1585.

• Salome

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13403a.htm
  Daughter of Herod Philip and Herodias at whose request John the Baptist was beheaded.

• Salt

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13403b.htm
  Always used for the seasoning of food and for the preservation of things from corruption, had from very early days a sacred and religious character.

• Salt Lake, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13404c.htm
  Includes the State of Utah, and slightly more than half of the State of Nevada.

• Salta, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13404a.htm
  Comprises the civil Provinces of Salta and Jujuy in the northern part of the Republic of Argentina.

• Saltillo, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13404b.htm
  Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of Linares, or Monterey.

• Salto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13405a.htm
  Diocese in Uruguay, suffragan to Montevideo.

• Salutati, Coluccio di Pierio di

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13405b.htm
  Italian Humanist b. in Tuscany, 1331; d. 4 May, 1406.

• Saluzzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13405c.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Cuneo, Piedmont, Upper Italy.

• Salvatierra, Juan Maria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13406a.htm
  Missionary born at Milan, 15 November, 1648; died at Guadalajara, 17 July, 1717.

• Salvation

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13407a.htm
  Salvation has in Scriptural language the general meaning of liberation from straitened circumstances or from other evils, and of a translation into a state of freedom and security.

• Salve Mundi Salutare

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13408a.htm
  A poem in honour of the various members of Christ on the Cross.

• Salve Regina

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13409a.htm
  The opening words (used as a title) of the most celebrated of the four Breviary anthems of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

• Salvete Christi Vulnera

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13410a.htm
  The Roman Breviary hymn at Lauds of the feast of the Most Precious Blood, is found in the Appendix to Pars Verna of the Roman Breviary (Venice, 1798).

• Salvianus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13411a.htm
  Fifth-century Latin writer.

• Salzburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13411b.htm
  The Archdiocese of Salzburg is conterminous with the Austrian crown-land of the same name.

• Salzmann, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13415a.htm
  Founder of St. Francis Provincial Seminary (St. Francis, Wisconsin) known as the "Salesianum", one of the best known pioneer priests of the North-west, b. at Münzbach, Diocese of Linz, Upper Austria, 17 Aug., 1819; d. at St. Francis, Wisconsin, 17 Jan., 1874.

• Sámar and Leyte

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13415b.htm
  The names of two civil provinces in the Visayan group of the Philippines.

• Samaria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13416a.htm
  A titular see, suffragan of Cæsarea in Palestine Prima. In the sixth year of his reign (about 900 B. C.) Amri, King of Israel, laid the foundations of the city to which he gave the name of Samaria, "after the name of Semer the owner of the hill" (II Kings, xvi, 24).

• Samaritan Language and Literature

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13417a.htm
  History of the changes in the language as affected by the changing religious and ethnic culture of the land.

• Sambuga, Joseph Anton

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13420a.htm
  Theologian, b. at Walldorf near Heidelberg, 9 June; 1752; d. at Nymphenburg near Munich 5 June, according to Sailer, but 5 January according to other statements, 1815.

• Samoa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13421a.htm
  A group of islands situated in the south Pacific.

• Samogitia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13421b.htm
  A Russian diocese, also called Telshi (Telshe), including the part of Lithuania lying on the Baltic.

• Samos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13421c.htm
  Titular see, suffragan of Rhodes in the Cyclades. The island, called in Turkish Soussan-Adassi, is 181 sq. miles in area and numbers 55,000 inhabitants, nearly all of whom are Greek schismatics.

• Samosata

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13422a.htm
  A titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis, capital of Commagenum.

• Sampson, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13422b.htm
  English bishop (d. 1554)

• Samson

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13423a.htm
  Most famous of the Judges of Israel.

• Samson

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13423b.htm
  Abbot of St. Edmunds (1135-1211)

• Samson, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13422c.htm
  Biography of this Welsh-born abbot, reluctant bishop, confessor. Died about 565.

• Samuco Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13424a.htm
  The collective name of a group of tribes in southwestern Bolivia.

• San Antonio, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13424b.htm
  Comprises all that portion of the State of Texas between the Colorado and Rio Grande Rivers, except the land south of the Arroyo de los Hermanos, on the Rio Grande, and the Counties of Live Oak, Bee, Goliad, and Refugio.

• San Carlos de Ancud

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13426a.htm
  The most southern of the Chilian dioceses.

• San Francisco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13439c.htm
  Archdiocese established 29 July 1853 to include multiple counties in the State of California, U.S.A.

• San Gallo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13443a.htm
  A celebrated family of architects, sculptors, painters, and engravers, which flourished in Italy during the Renaissance period, from the middle of the fifteenth to the end of the sixteenth century. The founder of the family was Francesco Giamberti (1405-80), a Florentine wood-carver; he had two sons, Giuliano and Antonio.

• San José de Costa Rica

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13446a.htm
  The Republic of Costa Rica, Central America, constitutes this diocese as a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Guatemala.

• San Juan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13447a.htm
  Diocese in the Argentine Republic at the foot of the Cordillera of the Andes.

• San León del Amazonas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13448a.htm
  Prefecture Apostolic in Peru.

• San Luis Potosí

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13448b.htm
  Diocese in Mexico, erected by Pius IX in 1854. It includes the State of San Luis Potosí, and a small portion of the State of Zacatecas.

• San Marco and Bisignano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13448c.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Cosenza in Calabria, Italy.

• San Marino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13449a.htm
  An independent republic lying between the Italian Provinces of Forli, Pasaro, and Urbino.

• San Martino al Cimino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13449b.htm
  A prelature nullius in the territory of the Diocese of Viterbo, Province of Rome.

• San Miniato

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13449c.htm
  A city and diocese in the Province of Florence, central Italy.

• San Salvador

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13450b.htm
  Diocese. The Republic of Salvador, often incorrectly called San Salvador from the name of its capital, is the smallest and most thickly populated state of Central America.

• San Salvador

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13450a.htm
  The name given by Columbus to his first discovery in the New World. It is one of the Bahama group of islands.

• San Sepolcro, Piero da

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13451a.htm
  Painter, b. at Borgo San-Sepolcro, about 1420; d. there, 1492.

• San Severino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13452a.htm
  San Severino is a small town and seat of a bishopric in the Province of Macerata in the Marshes, Central Italy.

• San Severo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13453b.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Foggia (Capitanata), Southern Italy, situated in a fertile plain, watered by the Radicosa and Triolo.

• San Xavier del Bac, Mission of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13464b.htm
  One of the eight missions founded by the Spanish Padres between 1687 and 1720 in the Pimeria Alta, within the present limits of the State of Arizona.

• Sánchez, Alonzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13426b.htm
  Jesuit missionary and writer, born in Mondejar, Guadalajara, Spain, in 1547; died at Alcalá, 27 May, 1593.

• Sánchez, Alonzo Coello

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13427a.htm
  Painter - Born at Benyfayro, Valenciz, Spain, in 1513 or 1515; died at Madrid, 1590.

• Sánchez, José Bernardo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13427b.htm
  Franciscan missionary - Born at Robledillo, Old Castile, Spain, 7 September, 1778; d. at San Gabriel, California, 15 January, 1833.

• Sanchez, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13427c.htm
  Religious scholar/author - Born at Cordova, 1550; died in the college of Granada, 19 May, 1610.

• Sanction

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13428a.htm
  Sanction signifies the authoritative act whereby the legislator gives a law value and binding force for its subjects.

• Sanctity

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13428b.htm
  Explains the meaning of the term "sanctity" as employed in somewhat different senses in relation to God, to individual men, and to a corporate body.

• Sanctorum Meritis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13429a.htm
  The hymn at First and Second Vespers in the Common of the Martyrs in the Roman Breviary. Its authorship is often attributed to Rabanus Maurus (d. 856), Archbishop of Mainz.

• Sanctuary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13431a.htm
  Church architecture term.

• Sanctuary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13430a.htm
  A consecrated place of refuge.

• Sanctus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13432a.htm
  The Sanctus is the last part of the Preface in the Mass, sung in practically every rite by the people (or choir). One of the elements of the liturgy of which exists the earliest evidence.

• Sandals, Episcopal

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13434a.htm
  Unlike the ancient sandals, which consisted merely of soles fastened to the foot by straps, the episcopal sandals are in the form of low shoes, and resemble slippers.

• Sandemanians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13435a.htm
  An English form of the Scottish sect of Glassites, followers of John Glas (b. 1695; d. 1773) who was deposed from the Presbyterian ministry in 1728, for teaching that the Church should not be subject to any league or covenant, but should be governed only by Apostolic doctrine.

• Sandeo, Felino Maria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13435b.htm
  Often quoted under the name of Felinus, Italian canonist of the fifteenth century.

• Sander, Anton

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13435c.htm
  Historian, b. at Antwerp, 1586; d. at Afflighem, Belgium, 10 Jan., 1664.

• Sander, Nicholas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13435d.htm
  English exile - Born at Charlwood, Surrey, in 1530; died in Ireland, 1581.

• Sandhurst

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13436a.htm
  Diocese in Victoria, Australia; suffragan of Melbourne.

• Sandomir

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13436b.htm
  Ancient Polish city with existing traces of prehistoric construction.

• Sands, Benjamin and James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13437a.htm
  U.S. Navy admirals.

• Sandwich Isands

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13438a.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic comprising all the islands of the Hawaiian group.

• Sanetch Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13439b.htm
  A sub-tribe of the Songish Indians.

• Sanhedrin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13444a.htm
  The supreme council and court of justice among the Jews.

• Sankt Pölten

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13447b.htm
  Diocese in Lower Austria.

• Sannazaro, Jacopo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13449d.htm
  Italian and Latin poet, b. at Naples, 28 July, 1458; d. at Rome, in Aug., 1530.

• Sanseverino, Gaetano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13453a.htm
  Restorer of the Scholastic philosophy in Italy, b. at Naples, 1811; d. there of cholera, 16 Nov., 1865.

• Sansovino, Andrea Contucci del

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13453c.htm
  Sculptor of the transition period at the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth century. Born at Monte San Sovino, Arezzo, 1460; died 1529.

• Sant' Angelo de' Lombardi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13459a.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Avellino, Southern Italy. The city was established by the Lombards at an unknown period.

• Sant' Angelo in Vado and Urbania

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13459b.htm
  Diocese; S. Angelo in Vado is a city in the Marches, on the site of the ancient "Tifernum Metaurense", a town of the Umbrian Senones, near the River Metaurus, believed to have been destroyed by the Goths.

• Santa Agata dei Goti, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13454a.htm
  In the Province of Benevento, Southern Italy; the city, situated on a hill at the base of Monte Taburno, includes an ancient castle.

• Santa Casa di Loreto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13454b.htm
  Since the fifteenth century, and possibly even earlier, the "Holy House" of Loreto has been numbered among the most famous shrines of Italy.

• Santa Catharina

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13456a.htm
  Diocese; suffragan see of the Archdiocese of Porto Alegre (São Pedro do Rio Grande), in Brazil, South America, created in 1906.

• Santa Cruz de la Sierra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13456b.htm
  Diocese in Bolivia, erected on 6 July, 1605, as suffragan of Lima, but since 2 July, 1609, it has been dependent on La Plata (Charcas).

• Santa Fe (Argentina)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13457a.htm
  Diocese in the Argentine Republic, suffragan of Buenos Aires.

• Santa Fe (New Mexico)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13456c.htm
  Archdiocese in New Mexico, erected by Pius IX in 1850 and created an archbishopric in 1875.

• Santa Lucia del Mela

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13457b.htm
  Prelature nullius within the territory of the Archdiocese of Messina, Sicily.

• Santa Maria (Brazil)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13458a.htm
  A Brazilian see, suffragan of Porto Alegre.

• Santa Maria de Monserrato

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13458b.htm
  An abbey nullius in Brazil.

• Santa Marta

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13458c.htm
  Diocese in Colombia, erected in 1535, its first bishop being Alfonso do Tobes.

• Santa Severina

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13459d.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Catanzaro in Calabria, Southern Italy. Situated on a rocky precipice on the site of the ancient Siberena, it became an important fortress of the Byzantines in their struggles with the Saracens.

• Santander

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13458d.htm
  Diocese in Spain which takes its name not from St. Andrew as some believe, but from St. Hemeterius (Santemter, Santenter, Santander), one of the patrons of the city and ancient abbey.

• Santarem

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13459c.htm
  Prelature nullius created in 1903, in the ecclesiastical Province of Belem do Pará.

• Santiago del Estero

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13462a.htm
  Diocese in the Argentine Republic, erected 25 March, 1907, suffragan of Buenos Aires.

• Santiago, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13460a.htm
  Founded in 1501 by Diego de Muros (Bishop of the Canaries), and Lope Gómez Marzo, who on 17 July, 1501, executed a public document establishing a school and academy for the study of the humanities.

• Santini, Giovanni Sante Gaspero

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13462b.htm
  Astronomer, b. at Caprese in Tuscany, 30 Jan., 1787; d. at Padua, 26 June, 1877.

• Santo Domingo, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13463a.htm
  Erected on 8 August, 1511, by Julius II who by the Bull "Pontifex Romanus" on that date established also the Sees of Concepción de la Vega and of San Juan of Porto Rico.

• Santos, João dos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13464a.htm
  Dominican missionary in India and Africa, b. at Evora, Portugal; d. at Goa in 1622.

• São Carlos do Pinhal

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13465a.htm
  Diocese; suffragan of the Archdiocese of São Paulo, Brazil, South America, created on 7 June, l908.

• São Luiz de Cáceres

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13465b.htm
  Diocese in Brazil, suffragan of Cuyabá.

• São Luiz de Maranhão

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13465c.htm
  Diocese; suffragan of Belém de Pará, comprises the State of Maranhão in Northern Brazil.

• São Paulo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13465d.htm
  Ecclesiastical province in the Republic of Brazil, South America.

• São Salvador de Bahia de Todos os Santos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13466a.htm
  Brazilian archdiocese established in 1551.

• São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13466b.htm
  Ecclesiastical province of Rio de Janeiro, the third of the seven constituting the Brazilian episcopate.

• São Thiago de Cabo Verde

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13467a.htm
  This diocese has the seat of its bishopric on the Island of S. Nicolau.

• Sappa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13467b.htm
  Diocese in Albania, established in 1062.

• Sara

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13468a.htm
  Wife of Abraham and also his step-sister.

• Sarabaites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13468b.htm
  A class of monks widely spread before the time of St. Benedict.

• Saragossa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13468c.htm
  Diocese in Spain.

• Saragossa, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13470a.htm
  Not definitively established until 1585, its real founder being Don Pedro Cerbunc, Prior of the Cathedral of Saragossa, and later Bishop of Tarrazona.

• Sarajevo, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13725a.htm
  Treatise about the development of the Church in Bosnia.

• Sarayacú Mission

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13470b.htm
  The chief Franciscan mission of the Ucavali river country, Department of Loreto, north-east Peru, in the eighteenth century.

• Sarbiewski, Mathias Casimir

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13471a.htm
  The Horace of Poland, b. near Plonsk, in the Duchy of Masovia, 24 February, 1595; d. 2 April, 1649. He entered the novitiate of the Jesuits at Vilna on 25 July, 1612.

• Sardes

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13472a.htm
  A titular see of Lydia, in Asia Minor probably the ancient Hyde of Homer (Iliad, II, 844; XX, 385), at the foot of Mount Tmolus.

• Sardica

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13472b.htm
  A titular metropolitan see of Dacia Mediterranea. The true name of the city (now Sophia, the capital of Bulgaria) was Serdica.

• Sardica, Council of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13473a.htm
  One of the series of councils called to adjust the doctrinal and other difficulties caused by the Arian heresy, held most probably in 343.

• Sardinia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13473b.htm
  The second largest Italian island in the Mediterranean.

• Sarepta

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13476a.htm
  A titular see in Phoenicia Prima, suffragan of Tyre. It is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the fourteenth century B.C. Chabas, "Voyage d'un Egyptien" .

• Sarnelli, Januarius Maria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13477a.htm
  One of S. Alphonsus's earliest companions, fourth son of Baron Angelo Sarnelli of Ciorani, b. in Naples 12 Sept., 1702; d. 30 June, 1744.

• Sarpi, Paolo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13477b.htm
  A Servite and anti-papal historian and statesman, b. at Venice, 14 August, 1552; d. there 14 or 15 January, 1623.

• Sarsfield, Patrick

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13478a.htm
  Born at Lucan near Dublin, about 1650; died at Huy in Belgium, 1693. Commanded armies in several European countries.

• Sarsina

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13478b.htm
  Located in Aemilia, Province of Forli, Italy.

• Sarto, Andrea del

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13478c.htm
  Artist - Born at Florence in 1486; d. there in 1531.

• Sarum Rite

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13479a.htm
  The manner of regulating the details of the Roman Liturgy that obtained in pre-Reformation times in the south of England and was thence propagated over the greater part of Scotland and of Ireland.

• Sasima

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13482a.htm
  A titular see in Cappadocia. Sasima is mentioned only in three non-religious documents.

• Saskatchewan and Alberta

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13482b.htm
  The twin provinces of the Canadian West, so called because they were formed on the same day.

• Sassari

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13485a.htm
  Archdiocese in Sardinia, Italy, situated on the River Rossello in a fertile region: a centre of the oil, fruit, wine, and tobacco industries.

• Sassoferrato, Giovanni Battista Salvi da

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13485b.htm
  Seventeenth-century Italian artist.

• Satala

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13485c.htm
  A titular see in Armenia Prima, suffragan of Sabastia.

• Satolli, Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13486a.htm
  Theologian, cardinal, first Apostolic delegate to the United States, b. 21 July, 1839, at Marsciano near Perugia; d. 8 Jan., 1910, at Rome.

• Saturninus, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13486b.htm
  First bishop of Toulouse, third-century martyr.

• Sauatra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13486c.htm
  Per Tillemont, one of the most illustrious martyrs France has given to the Church.

• Saul

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13486d.htm
  First King of Israel.

• Sault Sainte Marie

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13487a.htm
  Ontario, Canada, diocese erected in 1904.

• Savannah

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13488a.htm
  The Diocese of Savannah comprises the State of Georgia and was created as such by Pius IX, 1850.

• Savaric

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13488b.htm
  Bishop of Bath and Glastonbury, and cousin of the Emperor Henry VI, date of birth unknown, d. at Rome, 1205. He was archdeacon of Canterbury, 1175, and archdeacon of Northampton, 1180.

• Savary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13489a.htm
  A noble French family of the seventeenth century devoted to trade and to the publication of works on commercial matters.

• Savigny, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13489b.htm
  Situated on the confines of Normandy and Brittany, Diocese of Coutances, France. Founded by Vital de Mortain, Canon of the Collegiate Church of St. Evroul.

• Savigny, Karl Friedrich

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16073b.htm
  Diplomatist (1814-1875)

• Savona and Noli

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13489c.htm
  Province of Genoa, on the Gulf of Genoa.

• Savonarola, Girolamo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13490a.htm
  Dominican reformer. Born at Ferrara, 21 September, 1452; died at Florence, 23 May, 1498.

• Savoy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13492a.htm
  A district in the south-eastern part of France that extends from the Lake Geneva to south of the River Arc.

• Saxe, Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13493a.htm
  For a long time two astronomers of the Middle Ages were confounded under this name. (1) Joannes Danko (2) Jean de Counnout.

• Saxe-Altenburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13493b.htm
  One of the Saxon duchies in the east of Thuringia; situated on the west frontier of the Kingdom of Saxony.

• Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13494a.htm
  One of the Saxon-Thuringian duchies.

• Saxe-Meiningen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13495a.htm
  A Saxon-Thuringian duchy. The duchy came into existence in 1681, as the result of the various succession agreements among the seven sons of Duke Ernest the Pious of Saxe-Gotha.

• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13495b.htm
  A grand duchy in Thuringia, also known in recent times as the Grand duchy of Saxony.

• Saxo Grammaticus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13497a.htm
  Thirteenth-century Danish historian

• Saxony

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13497b.htm
  Chronology of the area and the people.

• Saxony, Albert of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13504a.htm
  Fourteenth-century philosopher.

• Scala Sancta (Holy Stairs)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13505a.htm
  Consisting of twenty-eight white marble steps, at Rome, near the Lateran; according to tradition the staircase leading once to the prætorium of Pilate at Jerusalem, hence sanctified by the footsteps of Our Lord during his Passion.

• Scaliger, Julius Caesar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13506a.htm
  Article by Paul Lejay on this scholar's life and writings.

• Scalimoli

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13506b.htm
  Theologian, better known by his religious name, Anrea di Castellana.

• Scammon, Ellakim Parker

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13506c.htm
  Educator, b. at Whitefield, Maine, U.S.A., 27 Dec., 1816; d. at New York, 7 Dec., 1894.

• Scandal

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13506d.htm
  A word or action evil in itself, which occasions another's spiritual ruin.

• Scannabecchi, Filippo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13508a.htm
  Bolognese painter, born about 1360; died about 1410.

• Scapular

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13508b.htm
  The most important part, of the habit of the monastic orders.

• Scaramelli, Giovanni Battista

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13514a.htm
  Ascetical writer, b. at Rome, 24 Nov., 1687; d. at Macerata, 11 Jan., 1752.

• Scarampi, Pierfrancesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13514b.htm
  Oratorian, Papal envoy, b. of a noble and ancient family in the Duchy of Monferrato, Piedmont, 1596; d. at Rome, 14 Oct., 1656.

• Scarlatti, Alessandro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13515a.htm
  Special emphasis on his religious works and his influence on later composers.

• Scarron, Paul

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13516a.htm
  French poet and dramatist, b. in Paris, 4 July, 1610; d. 7 October, 1660.

• Scepticism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13516b.htm
  Etymology of the word based on a Greek term meaning "speculation, doubt".

• Schadow, Friedrich Wilhelm

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13518a.htm
  Painter, b. at Berlin, 1789; d. at Düsseldorf, 1862. He was the son of the sculptor, Johann Gottfried Schadow of Berlin.

• Schaepman, Herman

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13519a.htm
  Orator, poet, and statesman, b. at Tubbergen, Holland, 2 March, 1844; d. at Rome, 21 Jan., 1903.

• Schäftlarn

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13519b.htm
  Formerly a Premonstratensian, now a Benedictine, abbey, situated on the Isar not far from Munich in Upper Bavaria. It was founded in 762 by the priest Waltrich and dedicated to St. Dionysius.

• Schall von Bell, Johann Adam

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13520a.htm
  An especially prominent figure among the missionaries to China, b. of an important family at Cologne in 1591; d. at Peking, 15 Aug., 1666.

• Schannat, Johann Friedrich

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13523a.htm
  German historian, b. at Luxembourg, 23 July, 1683; d. at Heidleberg, 6 March, 1739.

• Schatzgeyer, Caspar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16073c.htm
  Inquisitor (1463-1527)

• Schäufelin, Hans Leonhard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13523b.htm
  A German wood engraver, pupil of Durer, b. at Nuremberg in 1490; d. there in 1540. Best known as an engraver, but also an artist of repute.

• Schaumburg-Lippe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13523c.htm
  A German principality, surrounded by the Prussian province of Westphalia Hanover, and an exclave of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau (the Prussian County of Schaumburg).

• Schäzler, Constantine, Baron von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13524a.htm
  Theologian, b. at Ratisbon, 7 May, 1827; d. at Interlaken, 9 September, 1880.

• Schedel, Hartmann

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13525a.htm
  German Humanist and historian, b. at Nuremberg, 13 February, 1440; d. there on 28 November, 1514.

• Scheeben, Matthias Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13525b.htm
  Theological writer of acknowledged merit, born at Meckenheim near Bonn, 1 March, 1835; died at Cologne, 21 July, 1888.

• Scheffmacher, John James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13525c.htm
  Jesuit theologian b. at Kientzheim, Alsace, 27 April, 1668; d. at Strasburg, 18 August, 1733. He was one of the greatest theologians of his time, an orator of power and influence and the author of valuable works on controversy.

• Scheiner, Christopher

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13526a.htm
  German astronomer, b. at Wald, near Mindelheim, in Swabia, 25 July, 1575; d. at Niesse, in Silesia, 18 July, 1650.

• Schelble, Johann Nepomuk

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13526b.htm
  Musician, b. 16 May, 1789, at Huffingen in the Black Forest; d. there 6 Aug., 1837.

• Schelstrate, Emmanuel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13526c.htm
  Theologian, b. at Antwerp, 1649; d. at Rome, 6 April, 1692. While he was a canon of the cathedral of Antwerp, he was called to Rome by Innocent IX and made an assistant librarian of the Vatican Library.

• Schenkl, Maurus von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13527a.htm
  Benedictine theologian and canonist, b. at Auerbach in Bavaria, 4 January 1749; d. at Amberg, 14 June, 1816.

• Schenute

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13527b.htm
  A Coptic abbot. The years 332-33-34 and 350 are mentioned as the date of his birth, and the years 451-52 and 466 as the date of his death, all authors agreeing that he lived about 118 years.

• Scherer, Georg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13527c.htm
  Pulpit orator and controversialist, b. at Schwaz, in the Tyrol, 1540, according to Duhr; d. at Linz, 30 Nov., 1605; entered the Society of Jesus in 1559.

• Scherer-Boccard, Theodore, Count von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13528a.htm
  A Swiss Catholic journalist and politician; b. at Dornach in the canton of Solothurn, 12 May, 1816; d. at Solothurn, 6 Feb., 1885.

• Schinner, Matthæus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13528b.htm
  Bishop, cardinal, and statesman, b. at Muhlbach in the Canton of Valais, Switzerland, about 1470; d. of the plague at Rome, l October, 1522.

• Schism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13529a.htm
  In the language of theology and canon law, the rupture of ecclesiastical union and unity.

• Schism, Eastern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13535a.htm
  From the time of Diotrephes (III John 1:9-10) there have been continual schisms, of which the greater number were in the East.

• Schism, Western

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13539a.htm
  Only a temporary misunderstanding, even though it compelled the Church for forty years to seek its true head; it was fed by politics and passions, and was terminated by the assembling of the councils of Pisa and Constance.

• Schlegel, Friedrich von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13541a.htm
  Poet, writer on aesthetics, and literary historian, the "Messias" of the Romantic School, b. at Hanover, 10 March, 1772; d. at Dresden, 12 January, 1829.

• Schleswig

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13542a.htm
  Formerly a duchy and diocese of northwestern Germany, now a part of the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein.

• Schlör, Aloysius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13545a.htm
  Ascetical writer, b. at Vienna, 17 June, 1805; d. at Graz, 2 Nov., 1852.

• Schlosser, John Frederick Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13545b.htm
  Jurist - b. at Frankfort-on-the-Main, 30 December, 1780; d. there 22 January, 1851.

• Schmalzgrueber, Francis Xavier

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13545c.htm
  Canonist, b. at Griesbach, Bavaria, 9 Oct., 1663; d. at Dillingen 7 Nov., 1735.

• Schmid, Christoph von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13545d.htm
  Writer of children's stories and educator, b. at Dinkelsbuehl, in Bavaria, 15 Aug., 1768; d. at Augsburg in 1854.

• Schmidt, Friedrich von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13546a.htm
  Architect (1825-1891)

• Schneeman, Gerard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13546b.htm
  Born at Wesel, Lower Rhine, 12 Feb., 1829; d. at Kerkrade, Holland, 20 Nov., 1885.

• Schoenberg, Matthias von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13546c.htm
  Author, b. at Ehingen, in the Diocese of Constance, 9 Nov., 1732; d. at Munich, 20 Apr., 1792.

• Schöffer, Peter

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13547a.htm
  Publisher and printer, b. at Gernsheim on the Rine about 1425; d. at Mainz in 1503.

• Schola Cantorum

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13547b.htm
  A place for the teaching and practice of ecclesiastical chant, or a body of singers banded together for the purpose of rendering the music in church.

• Scholasticism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13548a.htm
  A term used to designate both a method and a system. It is applied to theology as well as to philosophy.

• Scholliner, Herman

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13552a.htm
  Theologian and historian, b. at Freising in Bavaria, 15 January, 1722; d. at Welchenberg, 16 July, 1795.

• Schols, Charles Mathieu

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13552b.htm
  Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Born of Catholic parents at Maastriche, Holland, 28 March, 1849; died at Delft 17 March, 1897.

• Scholz, John Martin Augustine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13553a.htm
  German Orientalist and exegete, b. at Kapsdorf, near Breslau, 8 Feb., 1794; d. at Bonn, 20 Oct. 1852. He studied in the Catholic gymnasium and the University of Breslau.

• Schönborn

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13553b.htm
  The name of a German noble family, many members of which were prelates of the Church.

• Schongauer, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13553c.htm
  German painter and engraver, b. at Colmar between 1445 and 1450; d. probably in 1491, it is believed at Breisach.

• Schöningh

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13554a.htm
  History of this Catholic publishing house at Paderborn.

• Schools

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13554b.htm
  History and development of education as related to the church.

• Schools, Apostolic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13585a.htm
  The object of apostolic schools is to cultivate vocations for the foreign missions. Apostolic schools, as distinct from junior ecclesiastical seminaries, owe their origin to Father Alberic de Foresta.

• Schools, Clerks Regular of the Pious

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13588a.htm
  Called also Piarists, Scolopli, Escolapios, Poor Clerks of the Mother of God, and the Pauline Congregation, a religious order founded in Rome in 1597 by St. Joseph Calasanctius.

• Schorlemer-Alst, Burghard Freiherr von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13588b.htm
  Social reformer, b. at Heringhausen, Westphalia, 21 Oct., 1825; d. at Alst, 17 March, 1895.

• Schott, Gaspar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13589a.htm
  German physicist, b. 5 Feb., 1608, at Königshofen; d. 12 or 22 May, 1666, at Augsburg.

• Schottenklöster

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13589b.htm
  A name applied to the monastic foundations of Irish and Scotch missionaries on the European continent, particularly to the Scotch Benedictine monasteries in Germany, which in the beginning of the thirteenth century were combined into one congregation.

• Schrader, Clement

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13590a.htm
  Jesuit theologian, b. at Itzum, in Hanover, Nov., 1820; d. at Poitiers 23 Feb., 1875.

• Schram, Dominic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13590b.htm
  A Benedictine theologian and canonist, b. at Bamberg, 24 October 1722; d. in the monastery of Banz near Bamberg, 21 September, 1797.

• Schrank, Franz Paula von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13590c.htm
  Naturalist, b. at Varnbach near Schärding on the Inn, 21 August, 1747; d. at Munich, 22 December, 1835.

• Schraudolph, Johann

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13591a.htm
  Historical painter (1808-1879)

• Schubert, Franz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13591b.htm
  Composer (1797-1829).

• Schwane, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13592a.htm
  A theological writer, b. at Dorsten in Westphalia, 2 Aril, 1824; d. at Münster, 6 June, 1892.

• Schwann, Theodor

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13592b.htm
  German physiologist and founder of the theory of the cellular structure of animal organisms; b. at Neuss, 7 December, 1810; d. Cologne, 11 January, 1882.

• Schwanthaler, Ludwig von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13593a.htm
  Founder of the modern Romantic school of sculpture, b. at Munich in 180 2; d there, 1848.

• Schwarz, Berthold

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13593b.htm
  A German friar, reputed the inventor of gunpowder and firearms. There has been much difference of opinion regarding the bearer of this name and his share in the discovery attributed to him.

• Schwarzenberg, Friedrich, Prince of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13595a.htm
  Cardinal and Prince-Archbishop of Prague, b. at Vienna, 6 April, 1809; d. there, 27 March, 1885.

• Schwenckfeldians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13597a.htm
  The name of a Protestant sect founded by the nobleman Caspar von Schwenckfeld (b. at Ossig in Silesia in 1489 or 1490; d. at Ulm 10 December, 1561).

• Schwind, Moritz von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13598a.htm
  Painter - Born at Vienna, 1804; died at Munich, 1871.

• Science and the Church

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13598b.htm
  Dicsusses the relationship between the two subjects.

• Scillium

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13609a.htm
  A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage. Perhaps the name should be written Scilium: the real name was possibly Scilli, or better, Scili.

• Scillium, Martyrs of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13609b.htm
  In the year 180 six Christians were condemned to death by the sword, in the town of Scillium, by Vigellius Saturninus, Proconsul of Africa.

• Scopia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13609c.htm
  Archdiocese, ancient residence of the early Servian rulers is the modern Uscub.

• Scotism and Scotists

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13610b.htm
  Article on the school of philosophy inspired by John Duns Scotus, and its proponents in the fourteenth through nineteenth centuries.

• Scotland

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13613a.htm
  The northern portion of the Island of Great Britain.

• Scotland, Established Church of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13627a.htm
  The religious organization which has for three centuries and a half claimed the adherence of the majority of the inhabitants of Scotland, may be said to date from August 1560.

• Scoto-Hibernian Monasteries

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13631a.htm
  A convenient term under which to include the monastic institutions which were founded during the sixth century in the country now known as Scotland, though that name was not used in its present sense until four hundred years later.

• Scots College, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13632a.htm
  Clement VIII gave Scotland its college at Rome. The Bull of foundation, dated 5 December, 1600, conferred on the college all the privileges already enjoyed by the Greek, German, and English colleges.

• Scranton

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13633a.htm
  Diocese in Pennsylvania

• Scribes

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13634a.htm
  In the New-Testament period the scribes were the professional interpreters of the Law in the Jewish synagogues.

• Scriptorium

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13635a.htm
  A large room set apart in a monastery for the use of the scribes or copyists of the community.

• Scripture

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13635b.htm
  Sacred Scripture is one of the several names denoting the inspired writings which make up the Old and New Testament.

• Scruple

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13640a.htm
  An unfounded apprehension and consequently unwarranted fear that something is a sin which, as a matter of fact, is not.

• Scrutiny

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641a.htm
  Definitions for the term as variously employed in canon law.

• Sculpture

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13641b.htm
  In the widest sense of the term, sculpture is the art of representing in bodily form men, animals, and other objects in stone, bronze, ivory, clay and similar materials.

• Scutari, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13648a.htm
  The Archdiocese of Scutari comprises 29 parishes.

• Scythopolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13648b.htm
  A titular metropolitan of Palaestina Secunda. It is the ancient Bethsan so often mentioned in the Bible, as proved by texts in the writings of Josephus.

• Seal

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13649a.htm
  The use of a seal by men of wealth and position was common before the Christian era. It was natural then that high functionaries of the Church should adopt the habit as soon as they became socially and politically important.

• Seal of Confession, the Law of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13649b.htm
  "Let the priest who dares to make known the sins of his penitent be deposed...."

• Seattle

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13665a.htm
  The Diocese of Seattle (Seattlensis) comprises the entire State of Washington, U.S.A.

• Sebaste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13667a.htm
  A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea.

• Sebastia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13667b.htm
  The city, which existed perhaps under another name in pre-Roman times, was called Sebastia and enlarged by Augustus; under Diocletian it became the capital of Armenia Prima and after Justinian who rebuilt its walls, the capital of Armenia Secunda.

• Sebastian Newdigate, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13668b.htm
  Martyred at Tyburn in 1535 for denying the royal supremacy.

• Sebastian, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13668a.htm
  Article on this Roman martyr of the late third or early fourth century.

• Sebastopolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13668c.htm
  A titular see in Armenia Prima, suffragan of Sebastia. The primitive name of this city was Carana, dependent on Zela, which was included in the principality given toAteporix by Anthony of or Augustus.

• Sebenico

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13668d.htm
  Suffragan of Zara. Sebenico was the seat of a bishop before the establishment of a see.

• Secchi, Angelo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13669a.htm
  Astronomer, b. at Reggio in Emilia, Italy, 18 June, 1818; d. 26 Feb., 1878.

• Sechelt Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13671a.htm
  A small tribe speaking a distinct language of Salishan linguistic stock, formerly occupying the territory about the entrance of Jervis and Sechelt inlets, Nelson Island, and south Texada Island.

• Sechnall, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13671b.htm
  Bishop, nephew of St. Patrick. First Irish Christian to write Latin poetry. Died 457.

• Seckau

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13672a.htm
  Diocese in Styria, Austria, suffragan of Salzburg. The See of Seckau was founded by Archbishop Eberhard II of Salzburg, with the permission of Honorius III, 22 June, 1218.

• Secret

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13673b.htm
  The prayer said in a low voice by the celebrant at the end of the Offeratory in the Roman Liturgy.

• Sect and Sects

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13674a.htm
  Etymology and meaning of the word "sect" .

• Secular Clergy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13675a.htm
  The secular cleric makes no profession and follows no religious rule.

• Secularism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13676a.htm
  A term used for the first time about 1846 by George Jacob Holyoake to denote "a form of opinion which concerns itself only with questions, the issues of which can be tested by the experience of this life".

• Secularization

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13677a.htm
  An authorization given to religious with solemn vows and by extension to those with simple vows to live for a time or permanently in the "world".

• Sedgwick, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13678a.htm
  Regius professor of divinity at Cambridge, 1557, rector of Stanhope, Durham, and vicar of Gainford, Durham, both in 1558; d. in a Yorkshire prison, 1573.

• Sedia Gestatoria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13679a.htm
  The Italian name of the portable papal throne used on certain solemn occasions in the pontifical ceremonies.

• Sedilia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13679b.htm
  The name given to seats on the south side of the sanctuary, used by the officiating clergy during the liturgy.

• Seduction

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13679c.htm
  The inducing of a previously virtuous woman to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse.

• Sedulius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13680a.htm
  Christian poet of the fifth century.

• Sedulius Scotus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13680b.htm
  An Irish teacher, grammarian and Scriptural commentator, who lived in the ninth century.

• Seekers

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13681a.htm
  An obscure Puritan sect which arose in England in the middles of the seventeenth century. They represented an Antinomian tendency among some of the Independents, and professed to be seeking for the true Church, Scripture, Ministry, and Sacraments.

• Seerth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13681c.htm
  A Chaldean see, appears to have succeeded the See of Arzon in the same province.

• Séez

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13681d.htm
  Diocese embracing the Department of Orne. Re-established by the Concordat of 1802.

• Seghers, Charles John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13682a.htm
  Bishop of Vancouver Island (today Victoria), Apostle of Alaska. b. at Ghent, Belgium, 26 Dec., 1839; d. in Alaska, 28 Nov., 1886.

• Segneri, Paolo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13683a.htm
  Italian Jesuit, preacher, missionary, ascetical writer, b. at Nettuno, 21 March (cf. Massei) 1624; d. at Rome, 9 Dec., 1694.

• Segni

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13683b.htm
  Located in the Province of Rome. The city, situated on a hill in the Monti Lepini overlooks the valley of the river Sacco.

• Segorbe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13684a.htm
  Diocese in Spain, bounded on the north by Castellón and Teruel, on the east by Castellón, on the south by Valencia, and on the west by Valencia and Teruel.

• Segovia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13684b.htm
  Diocese in Spain; bounded on the north by Valladolid, Burgos, and Soria; on the east by Guadalajara; on the south by Madrid; on the west by Avila and Valladolid.

• Ségur, Louis Gaston de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13686a.htm
  Prelate and French apologist, born 15 April, 1820, in Paris; died 9 June, 1881, in the same city.

• Ségur, Sophie Rostopchine, Comtesse de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13687a.htm
  French writer (1797-1874).

• Sehna, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13687b.htm
  A Chaldean see, erected in 1853, its subjects being partly in Persia and partly in Turkey at Suleimanieh.

• Seidl, Johann Gabriel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13687c.htm
  Poet, author of the present Austrian national hymn, b. at Vienna, 21 June 1804; d. there, 17 July, 1875.

• Seitz, Alexander Maximilian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13687d.htm
  Painter, b. At Munich, 1811; d. at Rome, 1888.

• Sejny, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13688a.htm
  A diocese in the northwestern part of Russian Poland.

• Sekanais

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13688b.htm
  A Déné tribe whose habitat is on both sides of the Rockies.

• Seleucia Pieria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13689a.htm
  Titular metropolis of Syria Prima. The city was founded near the mouth of the Orontes, not far from Mount Casius, by Seleucus Nicator about 300 B.C.

• Seleucia Trachea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13689b.htm
  Metropolitan see of Isauria in the Patriarchate of Antioch.

• Seleucians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13688c.htm
  A Gnostic sect who are said to have flourished in Galatia.

• Seleucids

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13690a.htm
  The name given to the Macedonian dynasty, which was founded by Seleucus, a general under Alexander the Great.

• Self-Defense

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13691a.htm
  The right of a private person to employ force against any one who unjustly attacks his life or person, his property or good name.

• Selgas y Carrasco, José

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13691b.htm
  Poet and novelist, b. at Lorca, Murcia, Spain, 1824; d. at Madrid, 5 Feb., 1882.

• Selge

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13692a.htm
  A titular see in Pamphylia Prima, suffragan of Side.

• Selinus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13692b.htm
  A titular see in Isauria, near the Gulf of Adalia. Selinus.

• Selvaggio, Giulio Lorenzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13692c.htm
  Canonist and archaeologist, b. at Naples, 10 August, 1728; d. there, November, 1772.

• Selymbria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13692d.htm
  A titular see in Thracia Prima, suffragan of Heraclea. Selymbria, or Selybria, the city of Selys on the Propontis, was a colony of the Megarians founded before Byzantium.

• Sem (Shem)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13693a.htm
  Son of Noe.

• Semiarians and Semiarianism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13693b.htm
  A name frequently given to the conservative majority in the East in the fourth century as opposed to the strict Arians.

• Seminary, Ecclesiastical

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13694a.htm
  The word seminary (Fr. séminaire, Ger. Seminar) is sometimes used, especially in Germany, to designate a group of university students devoted to a special line of work. The same word is often applied in England and the United States to young ladies' academies, Protestant or Catholic.

• Semipelagianism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13703a.htm
  A doctrine of grace advocated by monks of Southern Gaul at and around Marseilles after 428.

• Semites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13706a.htm
  The term Semites is applied to a group of peoples closely related in language, whose habitat is Asia and partly Africa.

• Semitic Epigraphy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13709a.htm
  Discussion of the science by this name.

• Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13712a.htm
  Physician and discoverer of the cause of puerperal fever, b. Ofen (Buda), 1 July, 1818; d. at Vienna, 13 August, 1865.

• Semmes, Raphael

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13712b.htm
  Naval officer, b. in Charles County, Maryland, U.S.A., 27 September, 1809; d. at Point Clear, Alabama, 26 August, 1877.

• Sena, Balthasar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13712c.htm
  Indian missionary and philologist, b. at Barcelona, Spain, about 1590; d. at Guarambare, Paraguay, 19 July, 1614.

• Senan, José Francisco de Paula

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13713b.htm
  Missionary - Born at Barcelona, Spain, 3 March, 1760; died at Mission San Buenaventura on 24 Aug., 1823

• Senan, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13713a.htm
  Sixth-century Irish missionary, bishop, and confessor. Was revered even in his earthly life for his sanctity, being visited by Sts. Ciaran and Brendan.

• Senanque

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13713c.htm
  Cistercian monastery and cradle of the modern Cistereians of the Immaculate Conception.

• Seneca Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13714a.htm
  The westernmost and largest of the five tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy of central and western New York.

• Senefelder, Aloys

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13714b.htm
  Inventor of lithography.

• Senegambia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13715a.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic, to which is joined the Prefecture Apostolic of Senegal (Senegalensis), both in French West Africa.

• Sens

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13716a.htm
  Archdiocese comprising the Department of the Yonne.

• Sens, Councils of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13720a.htm
  Chronology of councils held at this location.

• Sentence

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13720b.htm
  In canon law, the decision of the court upon any issue brought before it.

• Sept-Fons, Notre-Dame de Saint-Lieu

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13720c.htm
  Located in the Diocese of Moulins in France, it was founded (1132) by Guichard and Guillaume de Bourbon, of the family de Bourbon-Lancy, which gave kings to France, Italy, and Spain.

• Septimius Severus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13721a.htm
  Founder of the African dynasty of Roman emperors.

• Septuagesima

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13721b.htm
  The ninth Sunday before Easter, the third before Lent known among the Greeks as "Sunday of the Prodigal".

• Septuagint Version

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13722a.htm
  The first translation of the Hebrew Old Testament, made into popular Greek before the Christian era.

• Seraphim

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13725b.htm
  A Hebrew masculine plural form, designates a special class of heavenly attendants of Yahweh's court.

• Seraphin of Montegranaro, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13726a.htm
  Late sixteenth-century Italian Capuchin. Had the gift of reading hearts.

• Seraphina Sforza, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13726b.htm
  Forced by her husband to enter the Poor Clares, d. 1478.

• Serapion, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13726d.htm
  Bishop and theological author. Died 211.

• Serena, Diocese of La

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13726e.htm
  Embracing Atacama and Coquimbo provinces (Chile), suffragan of Santiago, erected 1 July, 1840.

• Sergeant, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13727a.htm
  Writer, born at Barrow-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, in 1623; died in 1710.

• Sergiopolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13727c.htm
  A titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.

• Sergius and Bacchus, Saints

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13728a.htm
  Soldiers, martyred in the Diocletian persecution in about 303. Universally venerated in the East.

• Sergius I, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13728b.htm
  Reigned 687-701

• Sergius II, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13728c.htm
  Reigned 844-847.

• Sergius III, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13729a.htm
  Reigned 904-911.

• Sergius IV, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13729b.htm
  Reigned 1009-1012.

• Seripando, Girolamo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13729c.htm
  Italian theologian and cardinal, b. at Troja (Apulia), 6 May, 1493; d. at Trent 17 March, 1563.

• Seroux d'Agincourt, Jean-Baptiste-Louis-George

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13729d.htm
  Born at Beauvais, 5 April, 1730; died at Rome, 24 September, 1814. He was a descendant of the counts of Namur.

• Serpieri, Alessandro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13730a.htm
  Scientist known for work in astronomy and seismology, b. at S. Giovanni in Marignano, near Rimini, 31 Oct., 1823; d. at Fiesole, 22 Feb., 1885.

• Serrae

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13731a.htm
  Titular metropolitan see in Macedonia, more correctly Serrhae, is called Siris by Herodotus.

• Servants of Mary (Order of Servites)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09750a.htm
  Order founded on the feast of the Assumption, 1233 when the Blessed Virgin appeared to seven noble Florentines.

• Servants of the Most Blessed Sacrament

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13731b.htm
  An order of nuns, founded by the Venerable Pierre-Julien Eymard.

• Servia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13732a.htm
  A European kingdom in the north-western part of the Balkan peninsula.

• Servites, Order of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13736a.htm
  The fifth mendicant order, the objects of which are the sanctification of its members, preaching the Gospel, and the propagation of devotion to the Mother of God, with special reference to her sorrows.

• Servus servorum Dei

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13737a.htm
  "Servant of the servants of God", a title given by the popes to themselves in documents of note.

• Sessa-Aurunca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13737b.htm
  Diocese in Campania, Province of Caserta (Southern Italy).

• Sestini, Benedict

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13738a.htm
  Astronomer, mathematician, b. at Florence, Italy, 20 March, 1816; d. at Frederick, Maryland, 17 Jan., 1890.

• Setebo Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13738b.htm
  Tribe of Panoan linguistic stock formerly centering about the confluence of the Manoa with the Ucayali River, Loreto province, north-eastern Peru.

• Seton, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13740a.htm
  Author, b. in New York, 28 Jan., 1835; d. there, 15 Mar., 1905.

• Settignano, Desiderio da

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13741a.htm
  Artist, born at Settignano, Tuscany, 1428; died at Florence, 1463.

• Seven Deacons

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13741c.htm
  The seven men elected by the whole company of the original Christian community at Jerusalem and ordained by the Apostles, their office being chiefly to look after the poor and the common agape.

• Seven Robbers

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13742a.htm
  Martyrs on the Island of Corcyra (Corfu) in the second century. Their names are Saturninus, Insischolus, Faustianus, Januarius, Marsalius, Euphrasius, and Mammius.

• Seven-Branch Candlestick

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13741b.htm
  One of the three chief furnishings of the Holy of the Tabernacle and the Temple. In reality it was an elaborate lampstand, set on the south side of the Holy Place.

• Severian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13742b.htm
  Bishop of Gabala in Syria, in the fourth and fifth centuries. Regarded by his contemporaries as a good preacher, known as the author of Biblical commentaries and sermons.

• Severinus, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13742c.htm
  Reigned May-August 640,

• Severus Sanctus Endelechus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13743b.htm
  Christian rhetorician and poet of the fourth century.

• Severus, Alexander

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13743a.htm
  An article by Thomas J. Shahan on the emperor who was born at Acco in Palestine in 208, and murdered by his mutinous soldiers at Sicula on the Rhine.

• Sevigne, Madame de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13743c.htm
  Writer, b. at Paris, 6 Feb., 1626; d. at Grignan, 18 April, 1696. She was the granddaughter of St. Jane Frances de Chantal.

• Seville

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13744a.htm
  Archdiocese in Spain.

• Seville, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13746a.htm
  Initially started in the thirteenth century by the Dominicans in order to prepare missionaries for work among the Moors and Jews.

• Sexagesima

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13747a.htm
  The eighth Sunday before Easter and the second before Lent.

• Sexburga, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13747b.htm
  Biography of the seventh-century English widow and abbess.

• Sext

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13747c.htm
  Article on the midday office.

• Sexton

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13748a.htm
  One who guards the church edifice, its treasures, vestments, etc., and as an inferior minister attends to burials, bell-ringings and similar offices about a church.

• Sfondrati, Celestino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13748b.htm
  Prince-abbot of St. Gall and cardinal, b. at Milan, 10 January, 1644, d. at Rome, 4 September, 1696.

• Shakespeare, Religion of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13748c.htm
  Thesis regarding the faith of the bard.

• Shamanism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13750a.htm
  A vague term used by explorers of Siberia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to designate not a specific religion but a form of savage magic or science, by which physical nature was believed to be brought under the control of man.

• Shammai

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13751a.htm
  Jewish scribe who together with Hillel made up the last of "the pairs", or as they are sometimes erroneously named, "presidents and vice-presidents" of the Sanhedrin.

• Shan-si, Vicariate Apostolic of Northern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13752a.htm
  Highlights of the history of Catholicism in this Chinese province.

• Shan-si, Vicariate Apostolic of Southern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13752b.htm
  Erected in 1890; the mission is entrusted to the Franciscan Fathers.

• Shan-tung, Vicariate Apostolic of Eastern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13752c.htm
  This mission was separated in 1894 from Northern Shan-Tung and erected into a vicariate Apostolic.

• Shan-tung, Vicariate Apostolic of Northern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13752d.htm
  Erected by Gregory XVI in 1839.

• Shan-tung, Vicariate Apostolic of Southern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13752e.htm
  On 2 Jan., 1882, the then vicar Apostolic of Shan-tung, Rt. Rev. Mgr. D. Cosi, elected as pro-vicar Apostolic for the southern part of his vicariate Father John Baptist Anzer, a member of the Steyl Seminary.

• Sharpe, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13753a.htm
  English priest (1577-1630).

• Shea, John Dawson Gilmary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13753b.htm
  American historian (1824-1892).

• Shea, Sir Ambrose

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13754a.htm
  Born in Newfoundland, 17 Sept., 1815; d. in London, 30 July, 1905.

• Sheil, Richard Lalor

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13754b.htm
  Dramatist, prose writer, and politician, b. at Drumdowny, County Kilkenny, Ireland, 17 August, 1791; d. at, Florence, Italy, 25 May, 1851.

• Sheldon, Edward

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13755a.htm
  Translator (1599-1687).

• Shelley, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13755b.htm
  English confessor; d. in Marshalsea prison, London, probably in February or March, 1585-6.

• Shen-si, Northern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13755c.htm
  In 1640 the Christian religion was preached for the first time in the Province of Shen-si. It was, by turns, looked upon with favor and disfavor by the emperors of China.

• Shen-si, Southern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13756a.htm
  The southern part of Shen-si was entrusted in 1885 to the Seminary of Sts. Peter and Paul, established at Rome by Pius IX, 1874.

• Shepherd, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13756b.htm
  English musical composer (1512-1563)

• Sherborne Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13756c.htm
  Located in Dorsetshire, England; founded in 998. Sherborne (scir-burne, clear brook) was originally the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Western Wessex, having been established as such by St. Aldhelm (705).

• Sherbrooke

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13756d.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Quebec, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Montreal, erected by Pius IX, 28 Aug., 1874.

• Sheridan, Philip Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13757a.htm
  General, U.S. Army. Born at Albany, N.Y., U.S.A., 6 March, 1831; died at Nonquitt, Mass, 5 August, 1888.

• Sherson, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13757b.htm
  English priest and confessor. One of the Dilati, b. 1563; d. 1588.

• Sherwood, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13757c.htm
  Bishop of Meath, d. at Dublin, 3 Dec. 1482. He was an English ecclesiastic who obtained the see by papal provision in April, 1460.

• Shi-koku

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13758b.htm
  One of the four great islands of Japan, has all area of 7009 square miles, not counting the smaller islands which depend upon it.

• Shields, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13758a.htm
  Military officer, b. in Dungannon County Tyrone, Ireland, 12 Dec., 1810; d. at Ottumwa, Iowa, 1 June, 1879.

• Shire

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13759a.htm
  Vicariate apostolic in Nyassaland Protectorate, Africa.

• Shirley, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16074a.htm
  English poet and dramatist (1596-1666)

• Shrewsbury

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13759c.htm
  One of the thirteen English dioceses created by Apostolic Letter of Pius IX on 27 Sept., 1850. It then comprised the English counties of Shropshire and Cheshire, and the Welsh counties of Carnarvon, Flint, Denbigh, Merioneth, Montgomery, and Anglesey.

• Shrines of Our Lady and the Saints in Great Britain and Ireland

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13760a.htm
  Location and origins of shrines.

• Shroud of Turin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13762a.htm
  A relic now preserved at Turin, for which the claim is made that it is the actual "clean linen cloth" in which Joseph of Arimathea wrapped the body of Jesus Christ.

• Shrovetide

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13763a.htm
  Some history behind Carnival.

• Shuswap Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13764a.htm
  A tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, the most important of that group in British Columbia, formerly holding a large territory on middle and upper Thompson River, including Shuswap, Adams, and Quesnel Lakes.

• Siam

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13765a.htm
  Siam, "the land of the White Elephant" or the country of the Muang Thai (the Free).

• Sibbel, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13767a.htm
  Sculptor, b. at Dulmen, 7 June, 1850; d. in New York, 10 July, 1907.

• Siberia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13767b.htm
  A Russian possession in Asia forming the northern third of that continent.

• Sibour, Marie-Dominique-Auguste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13769a.htm
  Born at Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux (Drome, France), 4 August, 1792; died in Paris, 3 January, 1857.

• Sibylline Oracles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13770a.htm
  The name given to certain collections of supposed prophecies, emanating from the sibyls or divinely inspired seeresses, which were widely circulated in antiquity.

• Sicard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13770b.htm
  Bishop of Cremona (Italy) in the twelfth century, a member of one of the principal families of that city, d. 1215.

• Sicca Veneria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13771a.htm
  A titular see in Africa Proconsularis, suffragan of Carthage.

• Sichem

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13771b.htm
  An Israelite city in the tribe of Ephraim, the first capital of the Kingdom of Israel.

• Sicily

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13772a.htm
  The largest island in the Mediterranean.

• Sidon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13777a.htm
  Titular metropolis of Pamphylia Prima.

• Sidon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13776a.htm
  City in Syria. Mentioned in the Bible. Is home to both a Melkite Rite and a Maronite diocese.

• Sidonius Apollinaris

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13778a.htm
  Christian author and Bishop of Clermont, b. at Lyons, 5 November, about 430; d. at Clermont, about August, 480.

• Sidyma

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13778b.htm
  A titular see in Lycia, suffragan of Myra; mentioned by Ptolemy.

• Siena

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13779a.htm
  Archdiocese in Tuscany (Central Italy).

• Siena, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13781a.htm
  The earliest notices of an advanced school (of grammar and medicine) at Siena go back to 1241.

• Sieni, Cyril

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13782a.htm
  Missionary bishop, b. in Catalonia, date of birth unknown; d. after 1799, place and exact date equally uncertain.

• Sierra Leone

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13783a.htm
  Comprises the English colony of that name and the surrounding territory from French Guinea on the north and east to Liberia on the south.

• Sigebert of Gembloux

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13783c.htm
  Benedictine historian, b. near Gembloux which is now in the Province of Namur, Belgium, about 1035; d. at the same place, 5 November, 1112.

• Siger of Brabant

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13784a.htm
  Indisputably the leader of Latin Averroism during the sixth and seventh decades of the thirteenth century.

• Sigismund

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13784b.htm
  King of Germany and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, b. 15 February, 1361, at Nuremberg; d. at Znaim, Bohemia, 9 December, 1437.

• Sign of the Cross

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13785a.htm
  A term applied to various manual acts, liturgical or devotional in character, which have this at least in common: that by the gesture of tracing two lines intersecting at right angles they indicate symbolically the figure of Christ's cross.

• Signorelli, Luca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13787a.htm
  Italian painter, b. at Cortona about 1441; d. there in 1523.

• Sigüenza

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13788a.htm
  Diocese in Spain, suffragan of Toledo.

• Sikhism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13789a.htm
  The religion of a warlike sect of India, having its origin in the Punjab and its centre in the holy City of Amritsar, where their sacred books are preserved and worshipped.

• Silandus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13789b.htm
  A titular see in Lydia, suffragan of Sardis. It is not mentioned by any ancient geographer or historian.

• Silence

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13790a.htm
  All writers on the spiritual life uniformly recommend, nay, command under penalty of total failure, the practice of silence.

• Silesia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13790b.htm
  The largest province of Prussia.

• Siletz Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13791a.htm
  The collective designation for the rapidly dwindling remnant of some thirty small tribes, representing five linguistic stocks - Salishan, Yakonan, Kusan, Takelman, and Athapascan.

• Siloe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13792a.htm
  A pool in the Tyropoean Valley, just outside the south wall of Jerusalem, where Jesus Christ gave sight to a man born blind.

• Silveira, Ven. Goncalo da

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13792b.htm
  Pioneer missionary of South Africa, b. 23 Feb, 1526, at Almeirim, about forty miles from Lisbon; martyred 6 March, 1561.

• Silverius, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13793a.htm
  Son of Pope St. Hormisdas. Named pope while yet a subdeacon, to thwart the Monophysites. Exiled through a forgery of his political and religious enemies, died of starvation in prison, probably in 537.

• Silvester, Francis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13793b.htm
  Theologian, b. at Ferrara about 1474; d. at Rennes, 19 Sept., 1526.

• Silvia, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13794a.htm
  The mother of St. Gregory the Great. She died in about 592.

• Simeon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13794b.htm
  The second son of Jacob by Lia and patronymic ancestor of the Jewish tribe bearing that name.

• Simeon of Durham

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13794d.htm
  Chronicler, d. 14 Oct., between 1130 and 1138.

• Simeon Stylites the Elder, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13795a.htm
  First and most famous of the hermits whose asceticism involved living atop a pillar. Died in 459.

• Simeon Stylites the Younger, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13795b.htm
  From Antioch. 521-597, lived on a pillar for 68 years. Also a brief mention of St. Simeon Stylites III.

• Simeon, Holy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13794c.htm
  The "just and devout" man of Jerusalem who according to the narrative of St. Luke, greeted the infant Saviour on the occasion of His presentation in the Temple.

• Simla

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13796a.htm
  Archdiocese in India, a new creation of Pius X by a Decree dated 13 September, 1910.

• Simon Magus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13797b.htm
  According to the testimony of St. Justin, Simon came from Gitta in the country of the Samaritans.

• Simon of Cascia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13798a.htm
  Italian preacher and writer. (d. 1348)

• Simon of Cramaud

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13799a.htm
  French bishop. (1360-1422)

• Simon of Cremona

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13799b.htm
  Augustinian writer and preacher. (d. 1390)

• Simon of Sudbury

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13799c.htm
  Archbishop of Canterbury. (d. 1381)

• Simon of Tournai

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13799d.htm
  Professor in the University of Paris at the beginning of the thirteenth century, dates of birth and death unknown.

• Simon Stock, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13800a.htm
  Biography of the English Carmelite, sixth general of the Order. Associated with the brown scapular. Died 1265.

• Simon the Apostle, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13796b.htm
  Also known as Simon the Zealot.

• Simone da Orsenigo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13796c.htm
  A Lombard architect and builder of the fourteenth century whose memory is chiefly connected with the cathedral of Milan in the course of its erection.

• Simonians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13797a.htm
  A Gnostic, Antinomian sect of the second century which regarded Simon Magus as its founder and which traced its doctrines back to him.

• Simony

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14001a.htm
  Usually defined "a deliberate intention of buying or selling for a temporal price such things as are spiritual of annexed unto spirituals".

• Simplicius, Faustinus and Beatrice, Saints

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14003a.htm
  Two brothers and their sister, all martyrs in the Diocletian persecution.

• Simplicius, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14002a.htm
  Reigned 468-483; date of birth unknown; died 10 March, 483.

• Simpson, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14004a.htm
  Born 1820; died near Rome, 5 April, 1876.

• Sin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14004b.htm
  A moral evil.

• Sinai

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14011a.htm
  The mountain on which the Mosaic Law was given.

• Sinaloa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14012a.htm
  Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Durango.

• Sinis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14014a.htm
  A titular See in Armenia Secunda, suffragan of Melitene.

• Sion

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14014d.htm
  Diocese in Switzerland.

• Sion

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14014c.htm
  Titular see in Asia Minor suffragan of Ephesus.

• Sioux City

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14016a.htm
  Comprises twenty-four counties in north-western Iowa.

• Sioux Falls

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14016b.htm
  Suffragan of St. Paul, comprises all that part of the State of South Dakota east of the Missouri River.

• Sioux Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14017a.htm
  Provides information about their history, language, population, culture and religion.

• Sipibo Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14024a.htm
  A numerous tribe of Panoan linguistic stock, formerly centring about the Pisqui and Aguaitia tributaries of the upper Ucayali River, Province of Loreto, north-eastern Peru, and now found as boatmen or labourers along the whole course of that stream.

• Siricius, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14026a.htm
  Siricius condemned Jovinian, but this did not spare the pope from criticism by St. Jerome.

• Sirleto, Gugliemo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14027a.htm
  Cardinal and scholar, born at Guardavalle near Stilo in Calabria, 1514; died at Rome, 6 October, 1585.

• Sirmium

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14027b.htm
  Situated near the modern town of Mitrovitz in Slavonia; its church is said to have been founded by St. Peter.

• Sirmond, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14027c.htm
  Scholar of the seventeenth century, born at Riom in the Department of Puy-de-Dome, France, October, 1559; died in Paris, 7 October 1651.

• Sisinnius, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14028a.htm
  Successor of John VII, he was consecrated probably 15 January, 708, and died after a brief pontificate of about three weeks; he was buried in St. Peter's.

• Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati, Ohio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14028b.htm
  On 27 October, 1829, at the request of Bishop Fenwick of Cincinnati, several sisters from Mother Seton's community at Emmitsburg, Maryland, opened an orphanage, parochial school, and academy on Sycamore Street opposite the old cathedral, then occupying the present site of St. Xavier's Church and college.

• Sisters of the Little Company of Mary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14029a.htm
  A congregation founded in 1877 in England to honour in a particular manner the maternal Heart of the Blessed Virgin, especially in the mystery of Calvary.

• Sistine Choir

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14029b.htm
  With the building by Sixtus IV (1471-84) of the church for the celebration of all papal functions since known as the Sistine Chapel, the original schola cantorum and subsequent capella pontificia or capella papale, which still retains more or less of the guild character, becomes the capella sistina, or Sistine Choir.

• Sitifis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14030a.htm
  Titular see in Mauretania Sitifensis.

• Sitjar, Buenaventura

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14030b.htm
  Missionary, born at Porrera, Island of Majorca, 9 December, 1739; died at San Antonio, Cal., 3 Sept., 1808.

• Siunia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14031a.htm
  A titular see, suffragan of Sebastia in Armenia Prima.

• Sixtus I, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14031b.htm
  Martyr, reigned for ten years in the very early part of the second century.

• Sixtus II, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14031c.htm
  This is the St. Sixtus who is commemorated in the Eucharistic Prayer. Pope who was one of the first martyrs of the Valerian persecution, in 258.

• Sixtus III, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14032a.htm
  Reigned 432-440.

• Sixtus IV, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14032b.htm
  Born near Abisola, 21 July, 1414; died 12 Aug., 1484.

• Sixtus V, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14033a.htm
  Born at Grottamare near Montalto, 13 December, 1521; elected 24 April, 1585; crowned 1 May, 1585; died in the Quirinal, 27 August, 1590.

• Skara, Ancient See of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16074b.htm
  Located in Sweden.

• Skarga, Peter

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14034a.htm
  Theologian and missionary, b. at Grojec, 1536; d. at Cracow, 27 Sept., 1612.

• Skoda, Josef

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14035a.htm
  Celebrated clinical lecturer and diagnostician and, with Rokitansky, founder of the modern medical school of Vienna, b. at Pilsen in Bohemia, 10 December, 1805; d. at Vienna, 13 June, 1881.

• Slander

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14035b.htm
  The attributing to another of a fault of which one knows him to be innocent.

• Slavery and Christianity

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14036a.htm
  Discusses the history.

• Slavery, Ethical Aspect of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14039a.htm
  In Greek and Roman civilization slavery on an extensive scale formed an essential element of the social structure; and consequently the ethical speculators, no less than the practical statesmen, regarded it as a just and indispensable institution.

• Slaves

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14041a.htm
  A tribe of the great Déné family of American Indians, so called apparently from the fact that the Crees drove it back to its original northern haunts.

• Slavonic Language and Liturgy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14041b.htm
  Although the Latin holds the chief place among the liturgical languages in which the Mass is celebrated and the praise of God recited in the Divine Offices, yet the Slavonic language comes next to it among the languages widely used throughout the world in the liturgy of the Church.

• Slavs in America

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14051a.htm
  History of ethnic Slavs migrating to the U.S.

• Slavs, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14042a.htm
  Customary name for all the Slavonic races.

• Slomsek, Anton Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14057a.htm
  Slomšek, Anton Martin, Bishop of Lavant, in Maribor, Styria, Austria, noted Slovenian educator, born 1800; died 24 Sept., 1862.

• Slotanus, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14057b.htm
  Polemical writer; born at Geffen, Brabant; died at Cologne, 9 July, 1560.

• Sloth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14057c.htm
  One of the seven capital sins. In general it means disinclination to labour or exertion.

• Slythurst, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14058a.htm
  Slythrust, Thomas, English confessor, born in Berkshire; died in the Tower of London, 1560.

• Smalkaldic League

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14058b.htm
  A politico-religious alliance formally concluded on 27 Feb., 1531, at Smalkalden in Hesse-Nassau, among German Protestant princes and cities for their mutual defence.

• Smaragdus, Ardo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14058c.htm
  Hagiographer, died at the Benedictine monastery of Aniane, Herault, in Southern France, March, 843.

• Smith, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14058d.htm
  Journalist, b. at Skolland, in the Shetland Isles, about 1790; d. Jan., 1866.

• Smith, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14059b.htm
  Born in Worcestershire, 1500; died at Douai, 9 July, 1563.

• Smith, Richard (Bishop of Chalcedon)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14059a.htm
  Bishop of Chalcedon, second Vicar Apostolic of England; b. at Hanworth, Lincolnshire, Nov., 1568.

• Smith, Thomas Kilby

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14060a.htm
  U.S. General and journalist. Born at Boston, Mass., 23 Sept., 1820; died at New York, 14 Dec., 1887.

• Smits, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16075a.htm
  Orientalist and exegete (1704-1770).

• Smyrna

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14060b.htm
  The capital of the vilayet of Aïdin and the starting-point of several railways.

• Snorri Sturluson

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14060c.htm
  Historian, born at Hvammr, 1178; died 1241.

• Sobaipura Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14061b.htm
  Once an important tribe of the Piman branch of the great Shoshonean linguistic stock, occupying the territory of the Santa Cruz and San Pedro Rivers, in southeastern Arizona.

• Sobieski, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14061c.htm
  Born at Olesko in 1629; died at Wilanow, 1696; son of James, Castellan of Cracow and descended by his mother from the heroic Zolkiewski, who died in battle at Cecora.

• Socialism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14062a.htm
  A system of social and economic organization that would substitute state monopoly for private ownership of the sources of production and means of distribution.

• Socialistic Communities

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14069a.htm
  Societies which maintain common ownership of the means of production and distribution, e.g., land, factories, and stores, and also those which further extend the practice of common ownership to consumable goods, e.g., houses and food.

• Societies, Catholic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14070a.htm
  Numerous throughout the world; some are international in scope, some are national; some diocesan and others parochial.

• Societies, Catholic, American Federation of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14071a.htm
  An organization of the Catholic laity, parishes, and societies under the guidance of the hierarchy, to protect and advance their religious, civil, and social interests.

• Societies, Secret

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14071b.htm
  A designation of which the exact meaning has varied at different times.

• Society

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14074a.htm
  Implies fellowship, company, and has always been conceived as signifying a human relation.

• Society of Foreign Missions of Paris

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14079a.htm
  Established in 1658-63, its chief founders being Mgr Pallu, Bishop of Heliopolis, Vicar Apostolic of Tongking, and Mgr Lambert de la Motte, Bishop of Bertyus, Vicar Apostolic of Conchin-China.

• Society of Jesus, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14081a.htm
  Comprehensive information about the past of the Jesuit order.

• Society, The Catholic Church Extension

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14078a.htm
  The first active agitation for a church extension or home mission society for the Catholic Church in North America was begun in 1904 by an article of the present writer, published in the "American Ecclesiastical Review" (Philadelphia).

• Socinianism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14113a.htm
  The body of doctrine held by one of the numerous Antitrinitarian sects to which the Reformation gave birth.

• Sociology

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14115a.htm
  The claims of sociology to a place in the hierarchy of sciences are subjected to varied controversy. It has been held that there is no distinct problem for a science of sociology, no feature of human society not already provided for in the accepted social sciences.

• Socorro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14118a.htm
  Diocese in Colombia.

• Socrates

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14119a.htm
  Greek philosopher. (469-399 B.C.)

• Socrates

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14118b.htm
  Fourth-century Church historian.

• Sodality

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14120a.htm
  It would not be possible to give a definition making a clear distinction between the sodalities and other confraternities; consequently the development and history of the sodalities are the same as those of the religious confraternities.

• Sodom and Gomorrha

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14130a.htm
  They were situated in "the country about the Jordan" (Gen., xiii, 10); their exact location is unknown.

• Sodor and Man

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14130b.htm
  Ancient diocese.

• Soissons

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14130c.htm
  Includes, with the exception of two hamlets, the entire Department of Aisne.

• Solari

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14132a.htm
  A family of Milanese artists, closely connected with the cathedral and with the Certosa near Pavia.

• Solemnity

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14133a.htm
  The word solemnity is here used to denote the amount of intrinsic or extrinsic pomp with which a feast is celebrated.

• Solesmes

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14133b.htm
  A Benedictine monastery in Department of Sarthe, near Sablé, France.

• Soli

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14134a.htm
  A titular see in Cyprus, suffragan of Salamis.

• Solicitation

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14134b.htm
  Technically in canon law the crime of making use of the Sacrament of Penance, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of drawing others into sins of lust.

• Solimôes Superiore

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14135a.htm
  A prefecture Apostolic in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, erected by a decree of the Sacred Congregation of Consistory, 23 May, 1910.

• Solomon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14135b.htm
  The second son of David by his wife Bathsheba, and the acknowledged favourite of his father.

• Solomon Islands, Northern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14138a.htm
  Established on 23 May, 1898, by separation from the Vicariate Apostolic of New Pomerania.

• Solomon Islands, Southern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14138b.htm
  The Spanish navigator Alvaro Mendana de Neyra discovered the Islands of Ysabel, Guadalcanar, and San Christoval in 1567.

• Solomon, Psalms of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14137a.htm
  Eighteen apocryphal psalms, extant in Greek, probably translated from a Hebrew, or an Aramaic original, commonly assigned to the first century B.C.

• Solsona

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14138c.htm
  Diocese in Lerida, Spain, suffragan of Tarragona.

• Somaliland

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14139a.htm
  A triangular-shaped territory in the north-eastern extremity of Africa, projecting into the ocean towards the island of Socotra; its apex is at Cape Guarafui.

• Somaschi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14140a.htm
  Name of a charitable religious congregation of regular clerics, founded in the sixteenth century by St. Jerome Emiliani with the mother-house at Somasca (Venice), whence the name.

• Somerset, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14140b.htm
  Confessor, born about 1530; died in the Tower of London, 27 May, 1587; second son of Henry, second Earl of Worcester.

• Son of God

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14142b.htm
  Includes uses from the Old and New Testaments.

• Son of Man

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14144a.htm
  Several instances of its use are detailed.

• Song, Religious

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14140c.htm
  The general designation given to the numerous poetical and musical creations which have come into existence in the course of time and are used in connection with public Divine worship, but which are not included in the official liturgy on account of their more free and subjective character.

• Songish Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14141a.htm
  A tribe of some importance formerly holding the south coast of Vancouver Island, B.C.

• Sonnius, Franciscus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14142a.htm
  Theologian, b. at Zon in Brabant, 12 August, 1506; d. at Antwerp, 30 June, 1576.

• Sonora, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14145a.htm
  Republic of Mexico; suffragan of the Archdiocese of Durango.

• Sophene

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14145b.htm
  A titular see, suffragan of Melitene in Armenia Secunda.

• Sophists

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14145c.htm
  A group of Greek teachers who flourished at the end of the fifth century B.C.

• Sophonias (Zephaniah)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14146a.htm
  The ninth of the twelve Minor Prophets of the Canon of the Old Testament; preached and wrote in the second half of the seventh century B.C.

• Sophronius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14148a.htm
  Bishop of Constantina or Tella in Osrhoene, was a relative of Ibas, Bishop of Edessa, and apparently of the same theological tendency, i. e. strongly anti-Monophysite and liable to be suspected of Nestorianism.

• Sora

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14148b.htm
  A titular see in Paphlagonia, suffragan of Gangra.

• Sorbait, Paul de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14148c.htm
  Physician, b. in Hainault, 1624; d. at Vienna, 19 April, 1691.

• Sorbonne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14149a.htm
  This name is frequently used in ordinary parlance as synonymous with the faculty of theology of Paris.

• Sorin, Edward

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14150a.htm
  The founder of Notre Dame, Indiana; b. 6 Feb., 1814, at Ahuillé, near Laval, France; d. 31 Oct., 1893, at Notre Dame, U.S.A.

• Sorrento

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14151a.htm
  Archdiocese in the Province of Naples, with one suffragan, Castellamare.

• Sorrows of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Feast of the Seven

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14151b.htm
  The object of these feats is the spiritual martyrdom of the Mother of God and her compassion with the sufferings of her Divine Son.

• Soto, Dominic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14152a.htm
  Dominican, renowned theologian, b. at Segovia, 1494; d. at Salamanca, 15 Nov., 1560.

• Soul

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14153a.htm
  The question of the reality of the soul and its distinction from the body is among the most important problems of philosophy, for with it is bound up the doctrine of a future life.

• South Carolina

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14157a.htm
  One of the thirteen original colonies of the United States.

• South Dakota

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14160a.htm
  The thirty-ninth state, admitted to the Union on 2 November, 1889.

• Southwark

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14162b.htm
  Suffragan of Westminster, England.

• Sovana and Pitigliano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14165b.htm
  The two towns, Sovana and Pitigliano, are situated in the Province of Grosseto, Central Italy.

• Sozomen, Salaminius Hermias

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14165c.htm
  One of the famous historians of the early Church, born at Bethelia, a small town near Gaza in Palestine.

• Sozopolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14166a.htm
  Titular see in the Balkans, suffragan of Adrianopolis.

• Sozusa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14166b.htm
  A titular see of Palestina Prima, suffragan of Cæsarea.

• Space

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14167a.htm
  The idea of space is one of the most important in the philosophy of the material world; for centuries it has preoccupied and puzzled philosophers and psychologists.

• Spagni, Andrea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14169a.htm
  Educator and author, born at Florence, 8 Aug., 1716; died at Rome, 16 Sept., 1788.

• Spain

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14169b.htm
  This name properly signifies the whole peninsula which forms the south-western extremity of Europe. Since the political separation of Portugal, however, the name has gradually come to be restricted to the largest of the four political divisions of the Peninsula: (1) Spain; (2) Portugal; (3) the Republic of Andorra; (4) the British possession of Gibraltar, at the southern extremity.

• Spalato-Macarsca (Salona)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14207a.htm
  Suffragan of Zara.

• Spalding, Martin John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14208a.htm
  Seventh Archbishop of Baltimore. (1810-1872)

• Spallanzani

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14209a.htm
  A distinguished eighteenth-century scientist, b. at Scadiano in Modena, Italy, 10 January, 1729; d. at Pavia, 12 February, 1799.

• Spanish Language and Literature

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14192a.htm
  As a medium of literary expression Spanish asserted itself first in the twelfth century: it had been six or seven centuries in the process of evolution out of Latin.

• Spanish-American Literature

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14202a.htm
  The literature produced by the Spanish-speaking peoples of Mexico, Central America, Cuba and adjacent islands, and of South America with the notable exceptions of Brazil (whose speech is Portuguese) and the Guianas.

• Spanish-American Universities

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15201a.htm
  The University of St. Mark's at Lima enjoys the reputation of being the oldest in America; it has the distinction of having first begun its course by royal decree.

• Sparta

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14209b.htm
  A celebrated town of the Peloponnesus, mentioned several times under this name or under that of Lacedæmon in the Bible.

• Species

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14210a.htm
  In scholastic terminology, species is the necessary determinant of every cognitive process.

• Speckbacher, Josef

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14210b.htm
  A Tyrolean patriot of 1809, born at Gnadenwald, near Hall, in the Tyrol, 13 July, 1767; died at Hall, 28 March, 1820.

• Speculation

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14211a.htm
  A term used with reference to business transactions to signify the investing of money at a risk of loss on the chance of unusual gain.

• Spedalleri, Nicola

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14213a.htm
  A priest, theologian, and philosopher, born at Bronte in the Province of Catania, Sicily, 6 December, 1740; died at Rome, 26 November, 1795.

• Spee, Friedrich Von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14213b.htm
  A poet, opponent of trials for witchcraft, born at Kaiserswerth on the Rhine, 25 February, 1591; died at Trier 7 August, 1635.

• Spencer, The Hon. George

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14214b.htm
  Passionist, b. at the Admiralty, London, 21 Dec., 1799; d. at Carstairs, Scotland, 1 Oct., 1864.

• Spenser, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14214c.htm
  Converted while a student at Cambridge and entered the Society of Jesus in 1627.

• Speyer

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14214e.htm
  Diocese in Bavaria.

• Speyer, Johann and Wendelin von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14215a.htm
  German printers in Venice from 1468 to 1477.

• Spillmann, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14215b.htm
  Author, b. at Zug, Switzerland, 22 April, 1842; d. at Luxembourg, 20 February, 1905.

• Spina, Alphonso de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14216a.htm
  Spanish Franciscan, date of birth unknown; died about 1491.

• Spina, Bartolommeo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14216b.htm
  Scholastic theologian, born at Pisa about 1475; died at Rome, 1546.

• Spinola, Christopher Royas de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14216c.htm
  Bishop of Wiener-Neustadt, born of a noble Spanish family, near Roermond in Gelderland in 1626; died at Wiener-Neustadt, 12 March, 1695.

• Spinoza, Benedict

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14217a.htm
  Belonged to a family of Jewish merchants of moderate means, and was originally called Baruch. Born at Amsterdam, 24 Nov., 1632; died at The Hague, 21 Feb., 1677.

• Spire

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14220a.htm
  A tapering construction in plan conical, pyramidal, octagonal, or hexagonal crowning a steeple or tower.

• Spirit

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14220b.htm
  Used in several different but allied senses: (1) as signifying a living, intelligent, incorporeal being, such as the soul; (2) as the fiery essence or breath (the Stoic pneuma) which was supposed to be the universal vital force; (3) as signifying some refined form of bodily substance, a fluid believed to act as a medium between mind and the grosser matter of the body.

• Spiritism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14221a.htm
  History and methods of Spiritism (here distinguished from Spiritualism) and the dangers inherent in its practice and beliefs.

• Spirito Santo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14224a.htm
  Suffragan of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro, established in 1896.

• Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14224b.htm
  A short work composed by St. Ignatius of Loyola and written originally in Spanish.

• Spiritualism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14229a.htm
  The term has been frequently used to denote the belief in the possibility of communication with disembodied spirits, and the various devices employed to realize this belief in practice.

• Spirituals

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14230a.htm
  A general term denoting several groups of Friars Minor, existing in the second half of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth centuries, who, in opposition to the main body of the order, pretended to observe the Rule of St. Francis in its primitive severity.

• Spokan Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14232a.htm
  An important tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, closely cognate with the Colville, Coeur d'Aléne, Kalispel, and Flathead, and formerly holding the country upon Spokane River in Eastern Washington and the adjacent portion of Idaho.

• Spondanus, Henri

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14235a.htm
  A convert from Calvinism, Bishop of Pamiers, and one of the continuators of Baronius, born at Mauléon, 6 January, 1568; died at Toulouse, 18 May, 1643.

• Spontini, Gasparo Luigi Pacifico

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14235b.htm
  Composer, born at Magolati, near Jesi, Ancona, 14 Nov., 1774; died there, 14 Jan., 1851.

• Sporer, Patritius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14236a.htm
  Moral theologian, born at Passau, Bavaria; died there, 29 May, 1683.

• Sportelli, Venerable Caesar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14236b.htm
  Lawyer and priest, born at Nola in Bari, Italy, 29 March, 1702; died at Pagani, 19 April, 1750.

• Springfield

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14236c.htm
  Diocese of Springfield (Campifontis) in Massachusetts, erected in June, 1870.

• Squamish Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14238b.htm
  A considerable tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, speaking a distinct language, holding the territory about Squamish River and Howe Sound, above Fraser River in South-western British Columbia.

• Squiers, Herbert Goldsmith

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14238c.htm
  Army officer and diplomatist; b. at Madoc, Canada, 20 April, 1859; d. at London, 19 Oct., 1911.

• Squillace

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14239a.htm
  Suffragan diocese of Reggio, in Calabria, Southern Italy.

• Stabat Mater

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14239b.htm
  The opening words of two companion hymns, one of which (Stabat Mater Dolorosa) is in liturgical use, while the other (Stabat Mater Speciosa) is not.

• Stadler, John Evangelist

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14240a.htm
  Bavarian hagiographer, b. at Parkstetten, in the Diocese of Ratisbon, 24 Dec., 1804; d. at Augsburg, 30 Dec., 1868.

• Stained Glass

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14241a.htm
  The popular name for the glass used in the making of coloured windows.

• Stalls

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14243a.htm
  Seats in a choir, wholly or partly enclosed on the back and sides.

• Stanbrook Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14244a.htm
  An abbey of Benedictine nuns, midway between Malvern and Worcester, England.

• Stanfield, William Clarkson

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14245a.htm
  English painter, b. at Sunderland, 1793; d. at Hampstead, near London, 1867.

• Stanislas Kostka, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14245b.htm
  Polish Jesuit, died in 1568 at the age of 17, less than a year after entering the Society.

• Stanislaus of Cracow, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14246a.htm
  Bishop and martyr, d. 1079. The patron saint of Poland.

• Stanislawow

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14247a.htm
  Diocese of the Greek-Ruthenian Rite, in Galicia, Austria, suffragan of Lemberg.

• Stanley Falls

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14247b.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic in the Belgian Congo.

• Stansel, Valentin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14247c.htm
  Astronomer, b. at Olmütz, Moravia, 1621; d. at Bahia, Brazil, 18 Dec., 1705.

• Stanyhurst, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14248a.htm
  Catholic controversialist, historian, and devotional writer, born at Dublin, 1547; died at Brussels, 1618.

• Stanza

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14248b.htm
  An Italian word signifying room, chamber, apartment. In English the term is chiefly used for Raphael's celebrated Stanze in the Vatican Palace, four in number, the walls of which were frescoed by Raphael and his pupils.

• Stapf, Joseph Ambrose

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14248c.htm
  Theologian, born at Fliess in the valley of the Upper Inn in the Tyrol, Austria, 15 August, 1785; died at Brixen, 10 January, 1844.

• Staphylus, Friedrich

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14248d.htm
  Theologian, born at Osnabrück, 27 Aug., 1512; died at Ingolstadt, 5 March, 1564.

• Stapleton, Theobald

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14249a.htm
  Nothing is known of his career, except that he was a priest living in Flanders, and that in 1639 he published at Brussels a book called "Catechismus seu doctrina Christiana Latino-hibernica", which was the first book in which Irish was printed in Roman type.

• Stapleton, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14249b.htm
  Controversialist, born at Henfield, Sussex, July, 1535; died at Louvain, 12 Oct., 1598.

• Starowolski, Simon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14250a.htm
  Born at Stara Wola, near Cracow, 1585; died at Cracow, 1656; studied at Louvain, but took his degrees in the University of Cracow, after which he travelled in various countries of Western Europe.

• Starr, Eliza Allen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14250b.htm
  Writer and artist, born at Deerfield, Massachusetts, 29 August, 1824; died at Durand, Illinois, 8 September, 1901.

• State and Church

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14250c.htm
  The Church and the State are both perfect societies, that is to say, each essentially aiming at a common good commensurate with the need of mankind at large and ultimate in a generic kind of life, and each juridically competent to provide all the necessary and sufficient means thereto.

• State or Way (Purgative, Illuminative, Unitive)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14254a.htm
  Stages in the spiritual life.

• States of the Church

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm
  Consists of the civil territory which for over 1000 years (754-1870) acknowledged the pope as temporal ruler.

• Station Days

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14268a.htm
  Days on which in the early Church fast was observed until the Hour of None (between twelve and three o'clock), later of Sext (nine to twelve), as distinct from the strict observance of the fast day proper until Vespers (three to six).

• Statistics of Religions

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14275a.htm
  Includes the definition and historical development, along with the status of religious bodies.

• Statistics, Ecclesiastical

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14269a.htm
  Includes a history of their keeping.

• Stattler, Benedict

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14282a.htm
  Jesuit theologian, born at Kötzting, Bavaria (Diocese of Ratisbon), 30 Jan., 1728; died at Munich, 21 Aug., 1797.

• Staudenmaier, Franz Anton

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14282b.htm
  A theologian, born at Donzdorf, Würtemberg, 11 Sept., 1800; died at Freiburg im Breisgau, 19 Jan., 1856.

• Staupitz, Johann Von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14283a.htm
  Abbot, born at Motterwitz near Leisnig (or Moderwitz near Meustadt an der Orla) about 1460; died at Salzburg, 28 Dec., 1524.

• Stauropolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14283b.htm
  A titular metropolitan see of the Province of Caria.

• Stavanger, Ancient See of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16076a.htm
  Located in Norway.

• Stedingers

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14283c.htm
  A tribe of Frisian peasants in Northern Germany who revolted against their lord, the Archbishop of Bremen, and had to be subdued by arms.

• Stefaneschi, Giacomo Gaetani

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14284a.htm
  A cardinal deacon, born at Rome, about 1270; died at Avignon, 23 June, 1343.

• Steffani, Agostino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14284b.htm
  A titular Bishop of Spiga, diplomatist and musician, born at Castelfranco in the Province of Treviso, in 1655; died at Frankfort in 1728 or 1730.

• Steinamanger

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14284c.htm
  Located in Hungary, suffragan of Gran, founded in 1777 under Queen Maria Theresa.

• Steinle, Eduard Von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14285a.htm
  An historical painter, born at Vienna, 2 July, 1810; died at Frankfort, 19 Sept., 1886.

• Steinmeyer, Ferdinand

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14285b.htm
  Jesuit missionary, born in Swabia, Germany, 13 Oct., 1720; died at Philadelphia, 17 Aug., 1786.

• Stephen (II) III, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288c.htm
  Unanimously elected in St. Mary Major's and consecrated on 26 March (or 3 April), 752; d. 26 April, 757.

• Stephen (III) IV, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14289a.htm
  Born about 720; died 1 or 3 August, 772.

• Stephen (IV) V, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14289b.htm
  Date of birth unknown; died 24 Jan., 817.

• Stephen (IX) X, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14290c.htm
  Born probably about the beginning of the eleventh century; died at Florence, 29 March, 1058.

• Stephen (V) VI, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14289c.htm
  Date of birth unknown; died in Sept., 891.

• Stephen (VI) VII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14289d.htm
  Date of birth unknown; died about August, 897.

• Stephen (VII) VIII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14290a.htm
  Date of birth unknown; died in February or March, 931.

• Stephen (VIII) IX, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14290b.htm
  Date of birth unknown; he became pope about 14 July, 939, and died about the end of Oct., 942.

• Stephen Harding, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14290d.htm
  English Cistercian, confessor, the third abbot of Cîteaux, d. 1134.

• Stephen I, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288a.htm
  Reigned 254-257.

• Stephen II, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14288b.htm
  Reigned 752.

• Stephen of Autun

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14290e.htm
  Bishop, liturgical writer, b. at Bangé (hence surnamed Blagiacus or de Balgiaco) in Anjou; d. at the abbey of Cluny, 1139 or early in 1140.

• Stephen of Bourbon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14291a.htm
  Illustrious writer and preacher, especially noted as a historian of medieval heresies, b. towards the end of the twelfth century; d. in 1261.

• Stephen of Muret, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14291b.htm
  Founder of the Order of Grandmont. Died 1124.

• Stephen of Tournai

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14291c.htm
  Canonist, born at Orléans, 1128; died at Tournai, September, 1203.

• Stephen, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14286b.htm
  On the deacon, and first Christian martyr. Article suitable for teenagers and adults.

• Stephen, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14287a.htm
  First King of Hungary. Baptized at the age of 10 by St. Adalbert, and died in 1038.

• Stephens, Henry Robert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14291d.htm
  Belgian theologian, born of English parentage at Liège, 5 August, 1665; died there, 15 June, 1723.

• Stephens, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14292a.htm
  Known as the first Englishman in India. Born about 1549 at Bulstan, Wiltshire; died in 1619 at Goa, India.

• Steuco, Agostino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14292b.htm
  Exegete, born at Gubbio, Umbria, 1496; died at Venice, 1549.

• Stevenson, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14293a.htm
  Archivist, born at Berwick-on-Tweed, 27 Nov., 1806; died in London, 8 Feb., 1895.

• Stevin, Simon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14293b.htm
  Born at Bruges in 1548; died at Leyden in 1620.

• Stifter, Adalbert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14294a.htm
  Poet and pedagogue, b. at Oberplan in Bohemia, 23 October, 1805; d. at Linz, 28 October, 1868.

• Stigmata, Mystical

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14294b.htm
  Their existence is so well established historically that, as a general thing, they are no longer disputed by unbelievers, who now seek only to explain them naturally.

• Stipend

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14296a.htm
  A fixed pay, salary; retribution for work done; the income of an ecclesiastical living.

• Stockholm

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14297a.htm
  The capital of the Kingdom of Sweden, situated on Lake Maelar at the spot where it opens into the Saltsjö.

• Stöckl, Albert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14298a.htm
  A neo-Scholastic philosopher and theologian, born in Bavaria, 1823, and died 1895.

• Stoddard, Charles Warren

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14298b.htm
  An American author, born 7 August, 1843, at Rochester, N. Y.; died 23 April, 1909, at Monterey, California.

• Stoics and Stoic Philosophy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14299a.htm
  The Stoic School was founded in 322 B.C. by Zeno of Cittium and existed until the closing of the Athenian schools (A.D. 429).

• Stolberg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14299b.htm
  Friedrich Leopold, Count zu Stolberg. Born at Brammstedt in Holstein (then a part of Denmark), 7 November, 1750; d. at Sondermühlen near Osnabrück, 5 December, 1819.

• Stole

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14301a.htm
  A liturgical vestment composed of a strip of material from two to four inches wide and about eighty inches long.

• Stolz, Alban Isidor

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14302a.htm
  Catholic theologian and popular author, b. at Bühl, Baden, 3 Feb., 1808; d. at Freiberg, 16 Oct., 1883.

• Stone, Corner

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14303a.htm
  Rite regarding the blessing and laying of the Foundation Stone for the building of a church.

• Stone, Marmaduke

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14304b.htm
  Jesuit, b. at Draycot, 28 Nov., 1748; d. at St. Helens, 22 Aug., 1834.

• Stone, Mary Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14304a.htm
  Writer and scholar, born at Brighton, Sussex, in 1853; died at Battle, Sussex, 3 May, 1908.

• Stones, Precious, in the Bible

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14304c.htm
  Stones remarkable for their colour, brilliancy, or rarity.

• Stoning in Scripture

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14308a.htm
  At first an expression of popular fury analogous to "lynching", later came to be a natural and legally recognized method of execution.

• Stonnes, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14309a.htm
  English priest, b. 1513; d. after 1585.

• Stonyhurst College

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14309b.htm
  History of the school, which dates back to a period considerably prior to its foundation on English soil in 1794.

• Stoss, Veit

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14310a.htm
  Sculptor, b. at Nuremberg in 1438; d there in 1533.

• Stradivari Family, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14311b.htm
  Family name that goes back to the Middle Ages. Spelled various ways, Stradivare, Stradiverto, Stradivertus. Known among other things as makers of stringed instruments.

• Stradivari, Antonio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14311a.htm
  Cremonese violin-maker, b. in 1649 or 1650; d. at Cremona, 18 or 19 Dec., 1737.

• Strahov, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14312a.htm
  A Premonstratensian abbey at Prague, Bohemia, founded in 1149.

• Strain, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14313a.htm
  Archbishop of St. Andrews and Edinburgh, born at Edinburgh, 8 December, 1810; died there, 2 July, 1883.

• Strasburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14313c.htm
  German diocese immediately dependent on the Papal See.

• Stratonicea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14315a.htm
  A titular see in Caria (Asia Minor) suffragan of Stauropolis.

• Streber, Franz Ignaz Von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14315b.htm
  Numismatist and theologian, born at Reisbach, Lower Bavaria, 11 Feb., 1758; died at Munich, 26 April, 1841.

• Streber, Franz Seraph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14315c.htm
  Numismatist and nephew of Franz Ignaz von Streber, born at Deutenkofen, Lower Bavaria, 26 Feb., 1805; died at Munich, 21 Nov. 1864.

• Streber, Hermann

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14315d.htm
  Son of Franz Seraph Streber, b. at Munich, 27 Sept., 1839; d. at Tölz, 9 Aug., 1896.

• Strengnäs, Ancient See of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16076b.htm
  Located in Sweden.

• Strossmayer, Joseph Georg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14316a.htm
  Josip Juraj, Bishop of Diakovár, born at Essegg in Croatia-Slavonia, 4 February, 1815; died 8 April, 1905.

• Stuart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14316b.htm
  Cardinal, Duke of York, known by the Jacobites as "Henry IX, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland"; born at Rome, 11 March, 1725; died at Frascati, 13 July, 1807.

• Studion

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14316c.htm
  Latin Studium, the most important monastery at Constantinople, situated not far from the Propontis in the section of the city called Psamathia.

• Stuhlweissenburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14317a.htm
  Diocese in Hungary, and Suffragen of Gran. It was formed in 1777 from the dioceses of Gyor and Veszprem.

• Stylites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14317b.htm
  Solitaries who, taking up their abode upon the tops of a pillar (stylos), chose to spend their days amid the restraints thus entailed and in the exercise of other forms of asceticism. This practice may be regarded as the climax of a tendency which became very pronounced in Eastern lands in the latter part of the fourth century.

• Styria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14318a.htm
  A duchy and Austrian crownland, divided by the River Mur into Upper and Lower Styria.

• Suárez, Francisco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14319a.htm
  Article on his life, teachings and works, by A. Perez Goyena.

• Subdeacon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14320a.htm
  The subdiaconate is the lowest of the sacred or major orders in the Latin Church. It is defined as the power by which one ordained as a subdeacon may carry the chalice with wine to the altar, prepare the necessaries for the Eucharist, and read the Epistles before the people.

• Subiaco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14321a.htm
  A city in the Province of Rome, twenty-five miles from Tivoli, received its name from the artificial lakes of the villa of Nero and is renowned for its sacred grotto (Sagro Speco), the Abbey of St. Scholastica, and the archiepiscopal residence and Church of St. Andrew, which crowns the hill.

• Subreption

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14322a.htm
  In canon law the concealment or suppression of statements or facts that according to law or usage should be expressed in an application or petition for a rescript.

• Subsidies, Episcopal

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14322b.htm
  Since the faithful are obliged to contribute to the support of religion, especially in their own diocese, a bishop may ask contributions for diocesan needs from his own subjects, and particularly from the clergy.

• Substance

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14322c.htm
  A genus supremum, cannot strictly be defined by an analysis into genus and specific difference; yet a survey of the universe at large will enable us to form without difficulty an accurate idea of substance.

• Suburbicarian Dioceses

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14324a.htm
  A name applied to the dioceses nearest Rome, viz. Albano, Frascati (Tusculum), Palestrina, Sabina, Ostia and Velletri, Porto and S. Rufina, the bishops of which form the order of cardinal bishops.

• Sudan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14325a.htm
  The Vicariate Apostolic of Sudan or Central-Africa.

• Sufetula

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14325b.htm
  A titular see of North Africa. Sufetula seems to be Suthul where Jugurtha had deposited his treasures.

• Suger

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14326a.htm
  Abbot of St-Denis, statesman and historian, b. probably at or near St-Denis, about 1081; d. there, 13 Jan., 1151.

• Suicide

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14326b.htm
  The act of one who causes his own death, either by positively destroying his own life, as by inflicting on himself a mortal wound or injury, or by omitting to do what is necessary to escape death, as by refusing to leave a burning house.

• Suidas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14328a.htm
  Author of, perhaps, the most important Greek lexicon or encyclopedia.

• Suitbert, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14328b.htm
  Born in England, studied in Ireland, accompanied St. Willibrord on his missionary journeys. Died in 713.

• Sullivan, Alexander Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14329a.htm
  Irish politician, lawyer and journalist, b. at Bantry in 1830; d. at Dartry Lodge, Rathmines, Dublin, 17 Oct., 1884.

• Sullivan, Peter John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14329b.htm
  Soldier, lawyer, born at Cork, Ireland, 15 March, 1821; died at Cincinnati, Ohio, 2 March 1883.

• Sully, Maurice de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14329c.htm
  Bishop of Paris, born of humble parents at Sully-sur-Loire (Soliacum), near Orléans, at the beginning of the twelfth century; died at Paris, 11 Sept., 1196.

• Sulpicians in the United States

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14329d.htm
  Came to the United States at the very rise of the American Hierarchy.

• Sulpicius Severus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14332a.htm
  An ecclesiastical writer, born of noble parents in Aquitaine c. 360; died about 420-25.

• Sulpitius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14333a.htm
  Two bishops of Bourges bore this name.

• Sumatra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14333b.htm
  Erected by a Decree of 30 June, 1911, and entrusted to the Dutch Capuchins.

• Summer Schools, Catholic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14334a.htm
  An assembly of Catholic clergy and laity held during the summer months to foster intellectual culture in harmony with Christian faith by means of lectures and special courses along university extension lines.

• Summæ

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14333c.htm
  Compendiums of theology, philosophy, and canon law which were used both as textbooks in the schools and as books of reference during the Middle Ages.

• Sunday

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14335a.htm
  Sunday (Day of the Sun), as the name of the first day of the week, is derived from Egyptian astrology.

• Superior

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14336a.htm
  Situated in the northern part of Wisconsin.

• Supernatural Order

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14336b.htm
  The ensemble of effects exceeding the powers of the created universe and gratuitously produced by God for the purpose of raising the rational creature above its native sphere to a God-like life and destiny.

• Superstition

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14339a.htm
  From supersisto, "to stand in terror of the deity".

• Supper, The Last

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14341a.htm
  The Evangelists and critics generally agree that the Last Supper was on a Thursday, that Christ suffered and died on Friday, and that He arose from the dead on Sunday.

• Supremi Disciplinæ

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14342a.htm
  Motu Proprio of Pius X, promulgated 2 July, 1911, relating to Holy Days of obligation. On Holy Days of precept a twofold duty is incumbent on the faithful, of hearing Mass and of abstaining from servile work.

• Sura

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14343a.htm
  Titular see in Augusta Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.

• Surin, Jean-Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14343b.htm
  Born 1600; died at Bordeaux, 1665. He belonged to the Society of Jesus, and enjoyed celebrity for his virtues, his trials, and his talents as a spiritual director.

• Surius, Laurentius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14343c.htm
  Hagiologist, born at the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, 1522; died at Cologne, 23 May, 1578.

• Surplice

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14343d.htm
  A large-sleeved tunic of half-length, made of fine linen or cotton, and worn by all the clergy.

• Susa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14344a.htm
  Capital of the Kingdom of Elam.

• Susa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14345a.htm
  Diocese in the Province of Turin, Piedmont, Northern Italy.

• Suspension (in Canon Law)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14345b.htm
  Usually defined as a censure by which a cleric is deprived, entirely or partially of the use of the power of orders, office, or benefice.

• Sutton, Sir Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14346b.htm
  Co-founder of Brasenose College, Oxford, date of birth unknown; d. September or October, 1524.

• Sutton, Ven. Robert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14346a.htm
  Priest, martyr, b. at Burton-on-Trent; quartered at Stafford, 27 July, 1587.

• Swan, Order of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14346c.htm
  A pious confraternity, indulgenced by the pope, which arose in 1440 in the Electorate of Brandenburg, originally comprising, with the Elector Frederick at their head, thirty gentleman and seven ladies united to pay special honour to the Blessed Virgin.

• Sweden

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14347a.htm
  The largest of the three Scandinavian countries and the eastern half of the Scandinavian peninsula.

• Swedenborgians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14355a.htm
  The believers in the religious doctrines taught by Emanuel Swedenborg. As an organized body they do not call themselves Swedenborgians, which seems to assert the human origin of their religion, but wish to be known as the "Church of the New Jerusalem", or "New Church", claiming for it Divine Authorship and promulgation through human instrumentality.

• Swetchine, Sophie-Jeanne Soymonof

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14356a.htm
  Writer, b. at Moscow, 22 Nov., 1782; d. in Paris, 10 Sept., 1857.

• Sweynheim, Konrad

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14357a.htm
  Printer, b. at Schwanheim, Frankfort, Germany; d. in Rome, 1477.

• Swinomish Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14357b.htm
  A tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, closely connected with the Skagit. They formerly held the territory about the mouth of the river Skagit together with the adjacent portion of Whidbey Island.

• Swithin Wells, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15580b.htm
  A married lay schoolmaster, hanged opposite his house in 1591 for the crime of attending mass.

• Swithin, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14357c.htm
  Bishop of Winchester (d. 862). One of the two trusted counsellors of Egbert, King of the West Saxons.

• Switzerland

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14358a.htm
  A confederation in the central part of Western Europe, made up of twenty-two cantons, three of which are divided into half-cantons.

• Sydney

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14365a.htm
  The vast territories formerly known as New Holland and Van Dieman's Island and since 1900 as The Commonwealth of Australia were erected to the Vicariate Apostolic of New Holland in 1834.

• Sydney Hodgson, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07381a.htm
  Was martyred in 1591 for having assisted priests and for being a convert to Catholicism.

• Syene

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14367a.htm
  A titular see in Thebian Secunda, suffragan of Ptolemais. Syene (Egyptian, Souanou, Coptic, Souan) was originally the marketplace of the island of Elephantine (in Egyptian, Abou).

• Sykes, Edmund

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14368a.htm
  Born at Leeds; martyred at York Tyburn 23 March, 1586-7.

• Syllabus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14368b.htm
  The name given to two series of propositions containing modern religious errors condemned respectively by Pius IX (1864) and Pius X (1907).

• Sylvester Gozzolini, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372b.htm
  Founder of the Sylvestrines. Canon, hermit. Died 1267.

• Sylvester I, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14370a.htm
  In office for 21 years, while Constantine was emperor. St. Sylvester died in 335.

• Sylvester II

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14371a.htm
  Pope (999-1003).

• Sylvester, Bernard, of Chartres

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372a.htm
  A twelfth-century philosopher of Neo-Platonic tendencies.

• Sylvestrines

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14372c.htm
  A minor monastic order or, strictly speaking, congregation following in general the Rule of St. Benedict but distinct from the Black monks and not forming a part of the confederation of Benedictine congregations.

• Sylvius, Francis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14373a.htm
  Theologian, born at Braine-le-Comte, Hainault, Belgium, 1581; died at Douai, 22 February, 1649.

• Symbolism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14373b.htm
  The investing of outward things or actions with an inner meaning, more especially for the expression of religious ideas.

• Symmachus the Ebionite

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14378a.htm
  Author of one of the Greek versions of the Old Testament included by Origen in his Hexapla and Tetrapla. Some fragments of this version survive in what remains of the Hexapla.

• Symmachus, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14377a.htm
  Lengthy article on this pope, who died in 514.

• Symphorosa, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14379a.htm
  Martyr, d. circa 138. According to legend, her seven sons were martyred with her, and her acts were extant in the fifth century, but today we have no reliable testimonies about her life and martyrdom.

• Synagogue

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14379b.htm
  The place of assemblage of the Jews. This article will treat of the name, origin, history, organization, liturgy and building of the synagogue.

• Synaus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14382a.htm
  A titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea.

• Synaxarion

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14382b.htm
  The name of a liturgical book of the Byzantine Church. The exact meaning of the name has changed at various times.

• Synaxis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14383a.htm
  Means gathering, assembly, reunion. It is exactly equivalent to the Latin collecta (from colligere), and corresponds to synagogue (synagoge), the place of reunion.

• Syncelli

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14383b.htm
  A name which in the early Church was given to those monks or clerics who lived in the same room with their bishops, and whose duty it was to be witnesses to the purity of their lives or to perform the daily spiritual exercises in common with them.

• Syncretism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14383c.htm
  An explanation is given by Plutarch in a small work on brotherly love ("Opera Moralia", ed. Reiske, VII, 910). He there tells how the Cretans were often engaged in quarrels among themselves, but became immediately reconciled when an external enemy approached.

• Synderesis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14384a.htm
  Synderesis, or more correctly synteresis, is a term used by the Scholastic theologians to signify the habitual knowledge of the universal practical principles of moral action.

• Syndic, Apostolic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14385a.htm
  A layman, who in the name, and by the authority, of the Holy See assumes the care and civil administration of the temporalities and in particular the pecuniary alms destined for the support and benefit of Franciscan convents, and thence provides for the requirements of the brethren.

• Syndicalism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14385b.htm
  Derived from the French syndicats, associations of workingmen uniting members of the same trade or industry for the furtherance of common economic interests.

• Synesius of Cyrene

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14386a.htm
  Bishop of Ptolomais, neo-Platonist, date of birth uncertain; d. about 414.

• Synnada

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14387a.htm
  Titular metropolis in Phrygia Salutaris. Synnada is said to have been founded by Acamas who went to Phrygia after the Trojan war and took some Macedonian colonists.

• Synod

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14388a.htm
  A general term for ecclesiastical gatherings under hierarchical authority, for the discussion and decision of matters relating to faith, morals, or discipline. It corresponds to the Latin word concilium.

• Synods, National

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14389a.htm
  According to the recent canon law, national councils are the deliberating assemblies at which all the bishops of a nation are convoked by the patriarch or primate (Cf. Bened. XIV, "De Synodo", I, i), but, in order to include the ancient national synods, it would be more correct to say a legitimate assemblage of the episcopate of a nation, the decisions of which are valid for an entire national Church.

• Synoptics

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14389b.htm
  The name given since Griesbach's time (about 1790) to the first three canonical Gospels.

• Syntagma Canonum

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14394a.htm
  A canonical collection made in 1335 by Blastares, a Greek monk about whose life nothing certain is known.

• Syon Monastery

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14394b.htm
  Middlesex, England, founded in 1415 by King Henry V at his manor of Isleworth.

• Syra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14395a.htm
  A Latin diocese, suffragan of Naxos, comprising the Island of Syra of the Cyclades in the Ægean Sea.

• Syracuse

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14397a.htm
  The Diocese of Syracuse, in the State of New York.

• Syracuse

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14395b.htm
  Archdiocese of Syracuse (Syracusana) in Sicily.

• Syria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14399a.htm
  A country in Western Asia, which in modern times comprises all that region bounded on the north by the highlands of the Taurus, on the south by Egypt, on the east by Mesopotamia and the Arabia Desert, and on the west by the Mediterranean.

• Syriac Hymnody

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14407a.htm
  To the general consideration set forth in the article hymnody and hymnology must be added some bearing particularly on the structure and liturgical use of hymns (madrashe), exclusive of poetical homilies or discourses (mimre), which belong to the narrative and epic class, while the hymns are lyrical.

• Syriac Language and Literature

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14408a.htm
  Syriac is the important branch of the group of Semitic languages known as Aramaic.

• Syrian Rite, East

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14413a.htm
  This rite is used by the Nestorians and also by Eastern Catholic bodies -- in Syria, Mesopotamia, Persia, and Malabar -- who have separated from them.

• Syrian Rite, West

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14417a.htm
  The rite used by the Jacobite sect in Syria and by the Catholic Syrians is in its origin simply the old rite of Antioch in the Syriac language.

• Szántó, Stephan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14419a.htm
  Born in the Diocese of Raab, Hungary, 1541; died at Olmütz in 1612.

• Szatmár

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14419b.htm
  Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Eger, from which it was formed, by King Francis I, at the same time as the See of Kassa.

• Sze-Ch'wan (Eastern)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14420a.htm
  The mission of Eastern Sze-ch'wan was separated from North-western Sze-ch'wan and erected in a Vicariate Apostolic in 1856.

• Sze-Ch'wan (North-western)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14420b.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic of North-western Sze-Ch'wan.

• Sze-Ch'wan (Southern)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14420c.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic of Southern Sze-Ch'wan.

• Szentiványi, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14421a.htm
  Born at Szentivàn, 20 October, 1633; died at Nagy-Szombàt (Tyrnau), 5 March, 1708. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1653, and was professor of Scripture for five years at Vienna and Nagy-Szombàt, professor of mathematics and philosophy for nine years, and professor of canon law and theology for seven years.

• Szujski, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14421b.htm
  Born at Tarnow, 1835; d. at Cracow, 1883.

• Szymonowicz, Simon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14421c.htm
  Known also by the Latin name of Somonides, b. at Lemberg, 1558; d. 1629.

 

Home > Society > Religion and Spirituality > Christianity > Denominations > Catholicism > Reference > Catholic Encyclopedia > S

 

---

 

Thanks to DMOZ, which built a great web directory for nearly two decades and freely shared it with the web. About us