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• L'Enfant, Pierre-Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09150a.htm
  French engineer. (1755-1833)

• L'Hospital, Michael de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09209b.htm
  Born at Aigueperse, about 1504; d. at Courdimanche, 13 March, 1573. While very young he went to Italy to join his father, who had been a follower of the traitor, the Constable of Bourbon, in the camp of Charles V.

• La Bruyère, Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08728a.htm
  Born at Paris in 1645; died at Chantilly in 1696. He was the son of a comptroller general of municipal revenue.

• La Chaise, François d'Aix de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08732b.htm
  Confessor of King Louis XIV, born at the mansion of Aix, in Forez, Department of Loire, 25 August, 1624; died at Paris, 20 January, 1709.

• La Crosse

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08735b.htm
  Diocese erected in 1868; included that part of the State of Wisconsin, U.S.A., lying north and west of the Wisconsin River.

• La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08738b.htm
  Author of memoirs and novels, born in Paris, 1634; died there, 1693.

• La Fontaine, Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739c.htm
  French poet, b. at Chateau-Thierry, 8 July, 1621; d. at Paris, 13 April, 1695.

• La Fosse, Charles de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740b.htm
  Painter, b. in Paris, 15 June, 1636; d. in Paris, 13 December, 1716, and buried in the church of Saint Eustache.

• La Harpe, Jean-François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741c.htm
  A French critic and poet, b. at Paris, 20 November, 1739; d. February, 1803.

• La Haye, Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741d.htm
  Franciscan Biblical scholar, b. at Paris, 20 March, 1593; d. there 15 Oct., 1661.

• La Hire, Philippe de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08742b.htm
  Mathematician, astronomer, physicist, naturalist, and painter, b. in Paris, 18 March, 1640; d. in Paris, 21 April, 1718.

• La Luzerne, César-Guillaume

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753b.htm
  French cardinal b. at Paris, 1738; d. there, l821.

• La Moricière, Louis-Christophe-Leon Juchault de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08767a.htm
  French general and commander-in-chief of the papal army, b. at Nantes, 5 February, 1806; d. at the château of Prouzel, near Amiens, 11 September, 1865.

• La Paz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08795a.htm
  Diocese in Bolivia.

• La Plata

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08798a.htm
  The city of La Plata, capital of the Argentine Province of Buenos Aires, is situated on the right bank of the Rio de la Plata, about 35 miles south-east of the city of Buenos Aires.

• La Plata

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08798b.htm
  The metropolitan see of Bolivia.

• La Richardie, Armand de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003d.htm
  Born at Perigueux, 7 June, 1686; died at Quebec, 17 March, 1758. He entered the Society of Jesus at Bordeaux, 4 Oct., 1703, and in 1725 was sent to the Canada mission.

• La Roche Daillon, Joseph de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09004c.htm
  Recollect, one of the most zealous missionaries of the Huron tribe, d. in France, 1656.

• La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, The Duke of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09005a.htm
  Opposed during the last years of the reign of Louis XV to the government of Maupeou, and the friend of all the reformers who surrounded Louis XVI, he owed to the influence of these economists the favour of the king.

• La Rochejacquelein, Henri-Auguste-Georges du Vergier, Comte de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09005b.htm
  French politician, b. at the château of Citran (Fironde), on 28 September, 1805; d. on 7 January, 1867.

• La Rochelle

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09006a.htm
  The Diocese of La Rochelle (Rupellensis), suffragan of Bordeaux, comprises the entire Department of Charente-Inférieure.

• La Rue, Charles de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09008a.htm
  French Jesuit orator. (1643-1725)

• La Salette

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09008b.htm
  Located in the commune and parish of La Salette-Fallavaux, Canton of Corps, Department of Isere, and Diocese of Grenoble.

• La Salette, Missionaries of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09009a.htm
  Founded in 1852, at the shrine of Our Lady of La Salette, where some priests banded together to care for the numerous pilgrims frequenting the mountain.

• La Salle, René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09009b.htm
  Explorer, born at Rouen, 1643; died in Texas, 1687.

• La Trappe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09035a.htm
  Abbey of the Order of Reformed Cistercians.

• La Valette, Jean Parisot de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09047a.htm
  Forty-eighth Grand Master of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem; b. in 1494; d. in Malta, 21 Aug., 1568.

• Labadists

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717a.htm
  A pietist sect of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries founded by Jean de Labadie, who was born at Bourg, near Bordeaux, 13 February, 1610, and died at Altonia, 13 February, 1674.

• Laban

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717b.htm
  Son of Bathuel, the Syrian.

• Labarum (Chi-Rho)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717c.htm
  The name by which the military standard adopted by Constantine the Great after his celebrated vision (Lactantius, "De mortibus persecutorum", 44), was known in antiquity.

• Labat, Jean-Baptiste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08718a.htm
  Dominican missionary, born at Paris, 1664; died there, 1738.

• Labbe, Philippe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08718b.htm
  Born at Borges, 10 July, 1607; died at Paris, at the College of Clermont, 17 (16) March, 1667; a distinguished Jesuit writer on historical, geographical, and philological questions.

• Labour and Labour Legislation

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08719a.htm
  Labour is work done by mind or body either partly or wholly for the purpose of producing utilities.

• Labour Unions, Moral Aspects of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08724a.htm
  Since a labour union is a society, its moral aspects are determined by its constitution, its end, its results, and the means employed in pursuit of the end.

• Labyrinth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08728b.htm
  A complicated arrangement of paths and passages; or a place, usually subterraneous, full of windings, corridors, rooms, etc., so intricately arranged as to render the getting out of it a very difficult matter.

• Lac, Stanislaus du

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08729a.htm
  Jesuit educationist and social work, b. at Paris, 21 November, 1835; d. there, 30 August, 1909.

• Lace

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08729b.htm
  The two earliest known specimens of lace-worked linen albs are that of St. Francis, preserved at St. Clare's convent, Assisi, and the alb of Pope Boniface VIII, now in the treasury of the Sistine Chapel.

• Lacedonia, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08732a.htm
  Located in the province of Avellino, Southern Italy.

• Lacordaire, Jean-Baptiste-Henri-Dominique

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08733a.htm
  Dominican orator. (1802-1861)

• Lactantius, Lucius Cæcilius Firmianus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08736a.htm
  Fourth-century Christian apologist.

• Laderchi, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08736b.htm
  An Italian Oratorian and ecclesiastical historian, born about 1678, at Faenza near Ravenna; died 25 April, 1738, at Rome.

• Ladislaus, Saint

  http://newadvent.org/cathen/08737a.htm
  King of Hungary, d. 1095.

• Laennec, René-Théophile-Hyacinthe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08737b.htm
  Born at Quimper, in Brittany, France, 17 February, 1781; died at Kerlouanec, 13 August, 1826, a French physician, discoverer of auscultation, and father of modern knowledge of pulmonary diseases.

• Laetare Sunday

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08737c.htm
  The fourth, or middle, Sunday of Lent, so called from the first words of the Introit at Mass.

• Laetus, Pomponius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08738a.htm
  Humanist, b. in Calabria in 1425; d. at Rome in 1497.

• LaFarge, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16050b.htm
  Painter, decorator, and writer. (1835-1910)

• Lafitau, Joseph-Françs

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739a.htm
  Jesuit missionary and writer, born at Bordeaux, France, 1 January, 1681; died there, 1746.

• Laflèche, Louis-François Richer

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739b.htm
  French-Canadian bishop, b. 4 Sept., 1818, at Ste-Anne de la Perade, Province of Quebec; d. 14 July, 1898.

• Laforêt, Nicholas-Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740a.htm
  Belgian philosopher and theologian, born at Graide, 23 January, 1823; died at Louvain, 26 January, 1872.

• Lafuente y Zamalloa, Modesto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740c.htm
  Spanish critic and historian, d. 1866.

• Lagania

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741a.htm
  A titular see in Galatia Prima.

• Lagrené, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741b.htm
  A missionary in New France, b. at Paris, 12 Nov. (al. 28 Oct.), 1659; d. at Quebec in 1736.

• Lahore

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08742c.htm
  Diocese in northern India, part of the ecclesiastical Province of Agra.

• Laibach

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08743a.htm
  Austrian bishopric and suffragan of Görz, embraces the territory of the Austrian crown-land of Carniola (Krain).

• Laicization

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08744a.htm
  The term laity signifies the aggregation of those Christians who do not form part of the clergy. Consequently the word lay does not strictly connote any idea of hostility towards the clergy or the Church much less towards religion. Laicization, therefore, considered etymologically, simply means the reducing of persons or things having an ecclesiastical character to a lay condition.

• Lainez, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08747a.htm
  Second general of the Society of Jesus, theologian, b. in 1512, at Almazan, Castille, in 1512; d. at Rome, 19 January, 1565.

• Laity

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08748a.htm
  The body of the faithful, outside of the ranks of the clergy.

• Lake Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08751a.htm
  A small tribe of Salishan stock, originally ranging along Columbia River in northeast Washington from about Kettle Falls to the British line.

• Lalemant, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752a.htm
  Born at Paris, 17 November, 1587; died there, 18 November, 1674. He was the first superior of the Jesuit missions in Canada, and his letter to his brother dated 1 August, 1626, inaugurated the series of "Relations" about the missionary work in that country.

• Lalemant, Jerome

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752c.htm
  Jesuit missionary, b. at Paris, 27 April, 1593, d. at Quebec, 16 November, 1665.

• Lallemant, Jacques-Philippe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752d.htm
  French Jesuit, b. at St-Valéry-sur-Somme about 1660; d. at Paris 1748.

• Lallemant, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752e.htm
  French Jesuit, b. at Châlons-sur-Marne, 1588; d. at Bourges, 5 April, 1635.

• Lalor, Teresa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753a.htm
  Co-foundress, with Bishop Neale of Baltimore, of the Visitation Order in the United States, b. in Ireland; d. 9 Sept., 1846.

• Lamarck, Chevalier de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753c.htm
  Distinguished botanist, zoologist, and natural philosopher, b. at Bazentin in Picardy (department of Somme), France, 1 August, 1744; d. at Paris, 18 December, 1829.

• Lamartine, Alphonse de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08754a.htm
  Poet, b. at Macon Saône-et-Loire, France, 21 Oct., 1790; d. at Paris, l March, 1869.

• Lamb (in Early Christian Symbolism)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08755b.htm
  One of the few Christian symbols dating from the first century is that of the Good Shepherd carrying on His shoulders a lamb or a sheep, with two other sheep at his side.

• Lamb, Paschal

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08755a.htm
  A lamb which the Israelites were commanded to eat with peculiar rites as a part of the Passover celebration.

• Lambeck, Peter

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08756a.htm
  Historian and librarian, b. at Hamburg, 13 April 1628; d. at Vienna, 4 April, 1680.

• Lambert Le Bègue

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08757b.htm
  Priest and reformer, lived at Liège, Belgium, about the middle of the twelfth century.

• Lambert of Hersfeld

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08758a.htm
  A medieval historian; b. in Franconia or Thuringia, c. 1024; d. after 1077.

• Lambert of St-Bertin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08758b.htm
  Benedictine chronicler and abbot, b. about 1060; d. 22 June, 1125, at St-Bertin, France.

• Lambert, Louis A.

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16050c.htm
  Priest and journalist. (1835-1910)

• Lambert, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08757a.htm
  Bishop of Maestricht, martyred between 698 and 701 for defending the sanctity of marriage. Also called St. Landebertus.

• Lamberville, Jacques and Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08759a.htm
  Seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries.

• Lambillotte, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08759b.htm
  Belgian Jesuit and composer. (1796-1855)

• Lambin, Denis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760a.htm
  French philologist. (1520-1572)

• Lambruschini, Luigi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760b.htm
  Cardinal, b. at Sestri Levante, near Genoa, 6 March, 1776, d. at Rome, 12 May, 1854.

• Lamego

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08761b.htm
  Diocese situated in the district of Vizeu, province of Beira, Portugal.

• Lamennais, Félicité Robert de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08762a.htm
  Born at Saint-Malo, 29 June, 1782; died at Paris, 27 February, 1854.

• Lamennais, Jean-Marie-Robert de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08765a.htm
  French priest, brother of Félicité Robert de Lamennais, b. at St-Malo in 1780; d. at Ploërmel, Brittany, in 1860.

• Lamoignon, Family of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08766a.htm
  Illustrious in the history of the old magistracy, originally from Nivernais.

• Lamont, Johann von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08766b.htm
  Astronomer and physicist, b. 13 Dec., 1805, at Braemar in Scotland, near Balmoral Castle; d.. 6 Aug., 1879, at Bogenhausen near Munich, Bavaria.

• Lamormaini, Wilhelm

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768a.htm
  Confessor of Emperor Ferdinand II, b. 29 December, 1570, at Dochamps, Luxembourg; d. at Vienna, 22 February, 1648.

• Lamp and Lampadarii

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768c.htm
  There is very little evidence that any strictly liturgical use was made of lamps in the early centuries of Christianity. The fact that many of the services took place at night, and that after the lapse of a generation or two the meetings of the Christians for purposes of worship were held, at Rome and elsewhere, in the subterranean chambers of the Catacombs, make it clear that lamps must have been used to provide the necessary means of illumination.

• Lampa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768b.htm
  A titular see in Crete, suffragan of Gortyna, was probably a colony of Tarrha.

• Lamprecht

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08769a.htm
  German poet of the twelfth century, of whom practically nothing personal is known but his name and the fact that he was a cleric.

• Lamps, Early Christian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08770a.htm
  Of the various classes of remains from Christian antiquity there is probably none so numerously represented as that of small clay lamps adorned with Christian symbols.

• Lampsacus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08770b.htm
  A titular see of Hellespont, suffragan of Cyzicus.

• Lamuel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771a.htm
  Name of a king mentioned in Prov., xxxi, 1 and 4, but otherwise unknown.

• Lamus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771b.htm
  A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.

• Lamy, Bernard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771c.htm
  Oratorian, b. at Le Mans, France, in June, 1640; d. at Rouen, 29 Jan., 1715.

• Lamy, François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772a.htm
  An ascetical and apologetic writer of the Congregation of St-Maur, b. in 1636 at Montireau in the Department of Eure-et-Loir; d. 11 April, 1711, at the Abbey of St-Denis near Paris.

• Lamy, Thomas Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772b.htm
  Biblical scholar end orientalist, b. at Ohey, in Belgium, 27 Jan., 1827, d. at Louvain, 30 July, 1907.

• Lana, Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772c.htm
  Born 10 Dec., 1631, at Brescia in Italy; died in the same place, 22 Feb., 1687. Mathematician and naturalist, he was also the scientific founder of aeronautics.

• Lance, The Holy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08773a.htm
  In the Gospel of St. John (xix, 34), that, after our Saviour's death, "one of the soldiers with a spear [lancea] opened his side and immediately there came out blood and water".

• Lancelotti, Giovanni Paolo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08774a.htm
  Canonist, b. at Perugia in 1522; d. there, 23 September, 1590.

• Lanciano and Ortona

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08774b.htm
  Lanciano is a small city in the province of Chieti, in the Abruzzi, Central Italy, between the Pescara and the Trigni, with a majestic view of Mount Maiella.

• Land-Tenure in the Christian Era

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08775a.htm
  The way in which land has been held or owned during the nineteen hundred years which have seen in Europe the rise and establishment of the Church is a matter for historical inquiry. Strictly speaking, the way in which such ownership or tenure was not only legally arranged, but ethically regarded, is a matter for historical inquiry also.

• Lando, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784a.htm
  Reigned 913-914.

• Landriot, Jean-François-Anne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784b.htm
  French bishop, b. at Couches-les-Mines near Autun, 1816, d. at Reims, 1874.

• Lanfranc

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784c.htm
  Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Pavia c.1005; d. at Canterbury, 24 May, 1089.

• Lanfranco, Giovanni

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08786a.htm
  Decorative painter, b. at Parma, 1581, d. in Rome, 1647.

• Lang, Matthew

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08787a.htm
  Cardinal, Bishop of Gurk and Archbishop of Salzburg, b. at Augsburg in 1468; d. at Salzburg, 30 March, 1540.

• Langen, Rudolph von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08787b.htm
  Humanist and divine, b. at the village of Everswinkel, near Munster, Westphalia, 1438 or 1439; d. at Munster, 25 Dec., 1519.

• Langénieux, Benoit-Marie

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788a.htm
  Cardinal, Archbishop of Reims, b. at Villefranche-sur-Saône, Department of Rhône, 1824; d. at Reims, 1 Jan., 1905.

• Langham, Simon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788b.htm
  Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor of England, b. at Langham in Rutland; d. at Avignon, France, 22 July, 1376.

• Langheim

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788c.htm
  A celebrated Cistercian abbey situated in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), not far from Mein, in the Diocese of Bamberg.

• Langres

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08789c.htm
  Diocese comprising the Department of the Haute-Marne.

• Lanigan, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16051a.htm
  Irish Church historian. (1758-1825)

• Lanspergius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793a.htm
  Carthusian monk and ascetical writer, b. at Landsberg in Bavaria 1489, d. at Cologne, 11 Aug., 1539.

• Lantern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793b.htm
  In Italian or modern architecture, a small structure on the top of a dome, for the purpose of admitting light, for promoting ventilation, and for ornament.

• Lanzi, Luigi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793c.htm
  An Italian archeologist, b. at Mont Olmo, near Macerata, in 1732; d. at Florence in 1810.

• Laodicea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08794a.htm
  A titular see, of Asia Minor, metropolis of Phrygia Pacatiana, said to have been originally called Diospolis and Rhoas; Antiochus II colonized it between 261 and 246 B.C., and gave it the name of his wife, Laodice.

• Laos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08794b.htm
  Separated from the Vicariate Apostolic of Siam by a decree of 4 May, 1899.

• Laplace, Pierre-Simon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08796a.htm
  Mathematician and astronomer. (1749-1827)

• Lapland and Lapps

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08797a.htm
  This singular race is divided into three different groups: mountain, forest, and fisher Lapps.

• Lapparent, Albert Auguste de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08799a.htm
  French geologist, b. at Bourges, 30 Dec., 1839; d. at Paris, 12 May, 1908.

• Laprade, Victor de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001a.htm
  French poet and critic, b. at Montbrison in 1812; d. at Lyons in 1883.

• Lapsi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001b.htm
  The regular designation in the third century for Christians who relapsed into heathenism, especially for those who during the persecutions displayed weakness in the face of torture, and denied the Faith by sacrificing to the heathen gods or by any other acts.

• Lapuente, Venerable Luis de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003a.htm
  Born at Valladolid, 11 November, 1554; died there, 16 February 1624. Having entered the Society of Jesus, he studied under the celebrated Suarez, and professed philosophy at Salamanca.

• Laranda

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003b.htm
  A titular see of Isauria, afterwards of Lycaonia.

• Lares

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003c.htm
  Formerly a titular archiepiscopal see in pro-consular Africa.

• Larino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09004a.htm
  Diocese in the province of Capmobasso, Southern Italy.

• Larissa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09004b.htm
  The seat of a titular archbishopric of Thessaly.

• Larrey, Dominique-Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09007a.htm
  Baron, French military surgeon, b. at Baudéan, Hautes-Pyrénées, July, 1766; d. at Lyons, 25 July, 1842.

• Larue, Charles de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09007b.htm
  He took the habit of St. Benedict in the Abbey of St. Faro at Meaux, and made his religious profession on 21 Nov., 1703.

• Lasaulx, Ernst von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09010a.htm
  Scholar and philosopher, born at Coblenz, 16 March, 1805; died at Munich, 9 May, 1861.

• Lascaris, Constantine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09010b.htm
  Greek scholar from Constantinople; born 1434; died at Messina in 1501.

• Lascaris, Janus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09010c.htm
  A noted Greek scholar, born about 1445; died at Rome in 1535.

• Laski, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09011a.htm
  Archbishop of Gnesen and Primate of Poland, b. at Lask, 1456; d. at Gnesen, 19 May, 1531.

• Lassberg, Baron Joseph Maria Christoph von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09011b.htm
  A distinguished German antiquary, born at Donaueschingen, 10 April, 1770; died 15 March, 1855.

• Lassus, Orlandus de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09011c.htm
  Biography emphasizing his religious compositions.

• Lataste, Marie

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09012a.htm
  Born at Mimbaste near Dax, France, 21 February, 1822; died at Rennes, 10 May, 1847; was the youngest child of simple pious peasants.

• Latera, Flaminius Annibali de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09013a.htm
  Historian, born at Latera, near Viterbo, 23 November, 1733; died at Viterbo, 27 February, 1813.

• Lateran Council, Fifth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09018b.htm
  Convoked, by the Bull of 18 July, 1511, to assemble 19 April, 1512, in the church of St. John Lateran.

• Lateran Council, First

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09016b.htm
  It put a stop to the arbitrary conferring of ecclesiastical benefices by laymen, reestablished freedom of episcopal and abbatial elections, separated spiritual from temporal affairs, and ratified the principle that spiritual authority can emanate only from the Church; lastly it tacitly abolished the exorbitant claim of the emperors to interfere in papal elections.

• Lateran Council, Fourth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09018a.htm
  From the commencement of his reign Innocent III had purposed to assemble an ecumenical council, but only towards the end of his pontificate could he realize this project, by the Bull of 19 April, 1213. The assembly was to take place in November, 1215.

• Lateran Council, Second

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017a.htm
  To efface the last vestiges of the schism, to condemn various errors and reform abuses among clergy and people Innocent, in the month of April, 1139, convoked, at the Lateran, the tenth ecumenical council.

• Lateran Council, Third

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017b.htm
  In September, 1178, the pope in agreement with an article of the Peace of Venice, convoked an ecumenical council at the Lateran for Lent of the following year and, with that object, sent legates to different countries.

• Lateran Councils

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09016a.htm
  A series of five important councils held at Rome from the twelfth to the sixteen century.

• Lateran, Christian Museum of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09014a.htm
  Established by Pius IX in 1854, in the Palazzo del Laterano erected by Sixtus V on the part of the site of the ancient Lateran palace destroyed by fire in 1308. In 1843 the "profane" Museum of the Lateran was founded by Gregory XVI, in whose pontificate also was mooted the idea of establishing a museum of Christian antiquities in the same edifice.

• Lateran, Saint John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09014b.htm
  This is the oldest, and ranks first among the four great "patriarchal" basilicas of Rome.

• Lathrop, George Parsons

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16051b.htm
  Poet, novelist. (1851-1898)

• Latin Church

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09022a.htm
  The Latin Church is simply that vast portion of the Catholic body which obeys the Latin patriarch, which submits to the pope, not only in papal, but also in patriarchal matters.

• Latin Literature in Christianity (Before the Sixth Century)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09023a.htm
  The Latin language was not at first the literary and official organ of the Christian Church in the West. The Gospel was announced by preachers whose language was Greek, and these continued to use Greek, if not in their discourses, at least in their most important acts.

• Latin Literature in Christianity (Sixth to Twentieth Century)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09026a.htm
  During the Middle Ages the so-called church Latin was to a great extent the language of poetry, and it was only on the advent of the Renaissance that classical Latin revived and flourished in the writings of the neo-Latinists as it does even today though to a more modest extent.

• Latin Literature in the Church, Classical

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09032a.htm
  This article deals only with the relations of the classical literature, chiefly Latin, to the Catholic Church.

• Latin, Ecclesiastical

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09019a.htm
  The Latin in the official textbooks of the Church (the Bible and the Liturgy), as well as in the works of those Christian writers of the West who have undertaken to expound or defend Christian beliefs.

• Latini, Brunetto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09034a.htm
  Florentine philosopher and statesman, born at Florence, c. 1210; the son of Buonaccorso Latini, died 1294.

• Latreille, Pierre-André

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09035b.htm
  A prominent French zoologist; born at Brives, 29 November, 1762; died in Paris, 6 February, 1833.

• Latria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09036a.htm
  In classical Greek originally meant "the state of a hired servant" (Aesch., "Prom.", 966), and so service generally. It is used especially for Divine service (Plato, "Apol.", 23 B). In Christian literature it came to have a technical sense for the supreme honour due to His servants, the angels and saints.

• Lauda Sion

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09036b.htm
  The opening words (used as a title of the sequence composed by St. Thomas Aquinas, about the year 1264, for the Mass of Corpus Christi.

• Lauds

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09038a.htm
  Article on the canonical hour once known as Matins, then as Lauds, now as Morning Prayer. One of the two principal hours.

• Laura

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09039a.htm
  The Greek word laura is employed by writers from the end of the fifth century to distinguish the monasteries of Palestine of the semi-eremitical type. The word signifies a narrow way or passage, and in later times the quarter of a town.

• Laurence Humphreys, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07545a.htm
  Short account of the life of this young layman who was martyred in 1591 for words allegedly uttered when he was seriously ill.

• Laurentie, Pierre-Sébastien

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09039b.htm
  French publicist. (1793-1876)

• Lausanne and Geneva

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09040a.htm
  Diocese in Switzerland, immediately subject to the Holy See.

• Lauzon, Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09043a.htm
  Fourth governor of Canada, b. at Paris, 1583; d. there, 16 Feb., 1666.

• Lauzon, Pierre de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09044a.htm
  A noted missionary of New France in the eighteenth century, born at Poitiers, 26 September, 1687; died at Quebec, 5 September, 1742.

• Lavabo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09044b.htm
  The first word of that portion of Psalm 25 said by the celebrant at Mass while he washes his hands after the Offertory, from which word the whole ceremony is named.

• Laval University of Quebec

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09047b.htm
  Founded in 1852 by the Seminary of Quebec; the royal charter granted to it by Queen Victoria was signed at Westminster, 8 December, 1852.

• Laval, François de Montmorency

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09045a.htm
  First bishop of Canada, b. at Montigny-sur-Avre, 30 April, 1623, of Hughes de Laval and Michelle de Péricard; d. at Quebec on 6 May, 1708.

• Lavant

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09049a.htm
  An Austrian bishopric in the southern part of Styria, suffragan of Salzburg.

• Laverdière, Charles-Honoré

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050a.htm
  French-Canadian historian, born Chateau-Richer, Province of Quebec, 1826; died at Quebec, 1873.

• Lavérendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050b.htm
  Discoverer of the Canadian West, born at Three Rivers, Quebec, 17 November, 1685; died at Montreal, 6 December, 1749.

• Laverlochère, Jean-Nicolas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050c.htm
  Missionary, born at St. Georges d'Espérance, Grenoble, France, 6 December, 1812; died at Temiscaming, Canada, 4 October, 1884.

• Lavigerie, Charles-Martial-Allemand

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050d.htm
  French cardinal, b. at Huire near Bayonne, 13 Oct., 1825; d. at Algiers, 27 Nov., 1892.

• Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09052a.htm
  Chemist, philosopher, economist. (1743-1794)

• Law

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09053a.htm
  By law in the widest sense is understood that exact guide, rule, or authoritative standard by which a being is moved to action or held back from it.

• Law, Canon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09056a.htm
  Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members.

• Law, Civil (Influence of the Church on)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09066a.htm
  Christianity is essentially an ethical religion; and, although its moral principles were meant directly for the elevation of the individual, still they could not fail to exercise a powerful influence on such a public institution as law, the crystallized rule of human conduct.

• Law, Common

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09068a.htm
  The term is of English origin and is used to describe the juridical principles and general rules regulating the possession, use and inheritance of property and the conduct of individuals, the origin of which is not definitely known, which have been observed since a remote period of antiquity, and which are based upon immemorial usages and the decisions of the law courts as distinct from the lex scripta; the latter consisting of imperial or kingly edicts or express acts of legislation.

• Law, Divine (Moral Aspect of)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09071a.htm
  That which is enacted by God and made known to man through revelation.

• Law, International

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09073a.htm
  Defined to be "the rules which determine the conduct of the general body of civilized states in their dealings with each other" (American and English Encycl. of Law).

• Law, Natural

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09076a.htm
  In English this term is frequently employed as equivalent to the laws of nature, meaning the order which governs the activities of the material universe. Among the Roman jurists natural law designated those instincts and emotions common to man and the lower animals, such as the instinct of self-preservation and love of offspring.

• Law, Roman

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09079a.htm
  This subject is briefly treated under the two heads of; I. Principles; II. History.

• Lawrence Justinian, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091a.htm
  Bishop and first Patriarch of Venice. He died in 1456.

• Lawrence O'Toole, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091b.htm
  Confessor, abbot, and the first Irish-born bishop of Dublin, d. 1180.

• Lawrence, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09090a.htm
  Successor of St. Augustine of Canterbury as archbishop of that see, and died in 619.

• Lawrence, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09089a.htm
  Deacon, martyr, d. 258.

• Lay Abbot

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09092a.htm
  A name used to designate a layman on whom a king or someone in authority bestowed an abbey as a reward for services rendered.

• Lay Brothers

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09093a.htm
  Religious occupied solely with manual labour and with the secular affairs of a monastery or friary.

• Lay Communion

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09093b.htm
  Speaking generally, the expression "lay communion" does not necessarily imply the idea of the Eucharist, but only the condition of a layman in communion with the Church.

• Lay Confession

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09094a.htm
  This article does not deal with confession by laymen but with that made to laymen, for the purpose of obtaining the remission of sins by God.

• Lay Tithes

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09095b.htm
  Ecclesiastical tithes, which in the course of time became alienated from the Church to lay proprietors.

• Laymann, Paul

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09095a.htm
  A famous Jesuit moralist, b. in 1574 at Arzl, near Innsbruck; d. of the plague on 13 November, 1635, at Constance.

• Lazarus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09096a.htm
  The name of two persons in the N.T.; a character in one of Christ's parables, and the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethania.

• Lazarus of Bethany, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09097a.htm
  Reputed first Bishop of Marseilles, died in the second half of the first century.

• Lazarus of Jerusalem, Order of Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09096b.htm
  The military order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem originated in a leper hospital founded in the twelfth century by the crusaders of the Latin Kingdom.

• Le Blant, Edmond-Frederic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09105b.htm
  French archeologist and historian, born 12 August, 1818; died 5 July, 1897 at Paris.

• Le Camus, Emile-Paul-Constant-Ange

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107a.htm
  Preacher, theologian, scripturist, Bishop of La Rochelle and Saintes, b. at Paraza, France, 24 August, 1839; d. at Malvisade, near Castelnaudary, France, 28 September, 1906.

• Le Camus, Etienne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107b.htm
  French cardinal, b. at Paris, 1632; d. at Grenoble, 1707.

• Le Caron, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107c.htm
  One of the four pioneer missionaries of Canada and first missionary to the Hurons (q.v.), b. near Paris in 1586; d. in France, 29 March, 1632.

• Le Coz, Claude

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09109c.htm
  French bishop, b. at Plouévez-Parzay (Finistère), 1740; d. at Villevieux (Jura), 1813.

• Le Fèvre, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09113c.htm
  A French theologian and controversialist, b. at Lisieux towards the middle of the seventeenth century; d. 1 July, 1716, at Paris.

• Le Gobien, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09132a.htm
  French Jesuit and founder of the famous collection of "Lettres édifiantes et curieuses", one of the most important sources of information for the history of Catholic missions, b. at St­Malo, Brittany, 25 November, 1671; d. at Paris, 5 March, 1708.

• Le Hir, Arthur-Marie

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09133c.htm
  Biblical scholar and Orientalist; b. at Morlaix (Finisterre), in the Diocese of Quimper, France, 5 Dec., 1811; d. at Paris, 13 Jan., 1868.

• Le Loutre, Louis-Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09143a.htm
  A missionary to the Micmac Indians and Vicar-General of Acadia under the Bishop of Quebec, b. in France about 1690: d. there about 1770.

• Le Mans

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09143b.htm
  Comprises the entire Department of Sarthe.

• Le Mercier, François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09146b.htm
  One of the early missionaries of New France, b. at Paris, 4 October, 1604; d. in the island of Martinique, 12 June, 1690.

• Le Moyne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09148b.htm
  The name of one of the most illustrious families of the New World, whose deeds adorn the pages of Canadian history.

• Le Moyne, Simon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09149a.htm
  A Jesuit missionary, b. at Beauvais, 1604; d. in 1665 at Cap de la Madeleine, near Three Rivers.

• Le Nourry, Denis-Nicolas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09151b.htm
  Ecclesiastical writer, b. at Dieppe in Normandy, 18 Feb., 1647; d. at the Abbey of St-Germain in Paris, 24 March, 1724.

• Le Puy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09185b.htm
  Diocese in France.

• Le Quien, Michel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09187a.htm
  French historian and theologian, b. at Boulogne-sur-Mer, department of Pas-de-Calais, 8 Oct., 1661; d. at Paris, 12 March, 1733.

• Le Sage, Alain-René

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09189b.htm
  Writer, b. at Sarzeau (Morbihan), 1668; d. at Boulogne-sur-Mer, 1747.

• Le Tellier, Charles-Maurice

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09200c.htm
  Archbishop of Reims, b. at Turin, 1642; d. at Reims, 1710.

• Le Tellier, Michel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09200d.htm
  Born 16 October, 1643, of a peasant family, not at Vire as has so often been said, but at Vast near Cherbourg; died at La Flèche, 2 September, 1719.

• Le Verrier, Urbain-Jean-Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09205b.htm
  An astronomer and director of the observatory at Paris, born at Saint Lô, the ancient Briodurum later called Saint-Laudifanum, in north-western France, 11 May, 1811; died at Paris, 25 September, 1877.

• Lead, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09098a.htm
  Established on 6 August, 1902.

• League of the Cross

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09101a.htm
  A Catholic total abstinence confraternity founded in London in 1873 by Cardinal Manning to unite Catholics, both clergy and laity, in the warfare against intemperance, and thus improve religious, social, and domestic conditions, especially among the working classes.

• League, German

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09100a.htm
  Early in 1608 Duke Maximilian started negotiations with the spiritual electors and some of the Catholic states of the empire, with a view to the formation of a union of the Catholic states.

• League, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09098b.htm
  From a religious point of view it aimed at supporting Catholicism in France politically at restoring the "ancient franchises and liberties" against the royal power.

• Leander of Seville, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09102a.htm
  Bishop, d. 601.

• Leavenworth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09102b.htm
  Suffragan to St. Louis, established, 22 May, 1877.

• Lebanon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09104a.htm
  So called from the snow which covers the highest peaks during almost the entire year, or from the limestone which glistens white in the distance.

• Lebedus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09105a.htm
  Titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus.

• Lebrun, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09106a.htm
  French historical painter, born in Paris, 1619; died at the Gobelin tapestry works, 1690.

• Lebwin, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09106b.htm
  Also called Lebuinus or Liafwin. English-born missionary to the Frisians, died at Deventer around 770. Biography.

• Lecce

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107d.htm
  Diocese; suffragan of Otranto.

• Leclerc du Tremblay, François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09108a.htm
  A Capuchin, better known as Pere Joseph, b. in Paris, 4 Nov., 1577; d. at Rueil, 18 Dec., 1638.

• Leclercq, Chrestien

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09109a.htm
  A Franciscan Récollet and one of the most zealous missionaries to the Micmac of Canada, also a distinguished historiographer of Nouvelle France.

• Lecoy de La Marche

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09109b.htm
  French historian; b. at Nemours, 1839; d. at Paris, 1897.

• Lectern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09110a.htm
  Support for a book, reading-desk, or bookstand, a solid and permanent structure upon which the Sacred Books, which were generally large and heavy, were placed when used by the ministers of the altar in liturgical functions.

• Lectionary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09110b.htm
  A term of somewhat vague significance, used with a good deal of latitude by liturgical writers.

• Lector

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09111a.htm
  A lector (reader) in the West is a clerk having the second of the four minor orders. In all Eastern Churches also, readers are ordained to a minor order preparatory to the diaconate.

• Ledochowski, Miecislas Halka

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09111b.htm
  Polish cardinal. (1822-1902)

• Leeds

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09112a.htm
  Diocese embracing the West Riding of Yorkshire, and that part of the city of York to the south of the River Ouse.

• Lefebvre, Camille

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09113a.htm
  Apostle of the Acadians, b. at St. Philippe, P. Q., 1831; d. at St. Joseph, N. B., 1895.

• Lefèvre d'Etaples, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09114b.htm
  A French philosopher, biblical and patristic scholar; b. at Etaples in Picardy, about 1455; d. at Nérac, 1536.

• Lefèvre de la Boderie, Guy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09114a.htm
  French Orientalist and poet; b. near Falaise in Normandy, 9 August, 1541; d. in 1598 in the house in which he was born.

• Lefèvre, Family of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09113b.htm
  A family engaged in tapestry weaving in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

• Legacies

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09115a.htm
  In its most restricted sense, by a pious legacy or bequest (legatum pium) is understood, the assigning, by a last will, of a particular thing forming part of an estate, to a church or an ecclesiastical institution.

• Legate

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09118a.htm
  In its broad signification, means that person who is sent by another for some representative office. In the ecclesiastical sense it means one whom the pope sends to sovereigns or governments or only to the members of the episcopate and faithful of a country, as his representative, to treat of church matters or even on a mission of honour.

• Legends of the Saints

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09128a.htm
  The legenda are stories about the saints, and often include a mix of historical fact and unhistorical embellishments.

• Legends, Literary or Profane

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09121a.htm
  In the period of national origins history and legend are inextricably mingled. In the course of oral transmission historic narrative necessarily becomes more or less legendary.

• Leghorn

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131a.htm
  City in Italy. Suffragan of Pisa.

• Legio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131b.htm
  Titular see of Palestina Secunda.

• Legipont, Oliver

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131c.htm
  Benedictine bibliographer. (1698-1758)

• Legists

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131d.htm
  Teachers of civil or Roman law, who, besides expounding sources, explaining terms, elucidating texts, summarizing the contents of chapters, etc., illustrated by cases, real or imaginary, the numerous questions and distinctions arising out of the "Corpus Juris" enactments of the ancient Roman code.

• Legitimation

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131e.htm
  The canonical term for the act by which the irregularity contracted by being born out of lawful wedlock is removed.

• Legrand, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09133a.htm
  French theologian and noted doctor of the Sorbonne, b. in Burgundy at Lusigny-sur-Ouche, 12 June, 1711, d. at Issy (Paris), 21 July, 1780.

• Lehnin, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09134a.htm
  Founded in 1180 by Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg, for Cistercian monks.

• Leibniz, System of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09134b.htm
  A thorough overview of the life and views of Leibniz.

• Leipzig

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09138b.htm
  Chief town in the Kingdom of Saxony, situated at the junction of the Pleisse, Parthe, and Weisse Elster.

• Leipzig, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09140a.htm
  Next to Heidelberg, the oldest university in the German Empire.

• Leitmeritz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09141a.htm
  In Austria, embraces the northern part of the Kingdom of Bohemia.

• Lejeune, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09142a.htm
  Born at Poligny in 1592; died at Limoges, 19 Aug., 1672; member of the Oratory of Jesus, founded by de Berulle in 1611.

• Lelong, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09142b.htm
  A French bibliographer, b. at Paris, 19 April, 1665 d. there, 13 Aug., 1721.

• Lemberg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm
  Seat of a Latin, a Uniat Ruthenian, and a Uniat Armenian archbishopric.

• Lemcke, Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09146a.htm
  Missionary in the United States, b. at Rhena, Mecklenburg, 27 July, 1796; d. at Carrolltown, Pennsylvania, 29 November, 1882.

• Lemercier, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09147a.htm
  Born at Pontoise, about 1585; died at Paris, 1654. Lemercier shares with Mansart and Le Muet the glory of representing French architecture most brilliantly under Louis XIII and Richelieu.

• Lemos, Thomas de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09148a.htm
  Spanish theologian and controversialist, b. at Rivadavia, Spain, 1555, d. at Rome 23 Aug., 1629.

• Lennig, Adam Franz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09150b.htm
  Theologian, b. 3 Dec., 1803, at Mainz; d. there, 22 Nov., 1866.

• Lenormant, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09150c.htm
  French archæologist, b. in Paris, 1 June, 1802; d. at Athens, 24 November, 1859.

• Lenormant, François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09151a.htm
  Archaeologist; son of Charles Lenormant, b. at Paris, 17 January, 1837; d. there, 9 December, 1883.

• Lent

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09152a.htm
  An article on the origins of Lenten fasting.

• Lentulus, Publius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09154a.htm
  A fictitious person, said to have been Governor of Judea before Pontius.

• Leo Diaconus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09174b.htm
  Byzantine historian; b. at Kaloe, at the foot of Mount Tmolos, in Ionia, about the year 950; the year of his death is unknown.

• Leo I (the Great), Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09154b.htm
  Article on his pontificate, in Christian antiquity second only to that of Gregory the Great in importance. Leo died in 461.

• Leo II, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09157a.htm
  Biographical article on this pontiff, who died in 683.

• Leo III, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09157b.htm
  Biography of this pope, who died in 816.

• Leo IV, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09159a.htm
  Biographical article on this Roman, who died in 855.

• Leo IX, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09160c.htm
  Hagiographical article on this reformer pope, who died in 1054.

• Leo V, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09159b.htm
  Very little is known of him. No certainty either as to when he was elected or as to exactly how long he reigned.

• Leo VI, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09159c.htm
  The exact dates of the election and death of Leo VI are uncertain, but it is clear that he was pope during the latter half of 928.

• Leo VII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09160a.htm
  Date of birth unknown; d. 13 July, 939. A Roman and priest of St. Sixtus, and probably a Benedictine monk, he was elected pope 3 January, 936.

• Leo VIII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09160b.htm
  Date of birth unknown; d. between 20 February and 13 April, 965.

• Leo X, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09162a.htm
  Reigned 1513-1521.

• Leo XI, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09166a.htm
  Reigned 1605.

• Leo XII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09167a.htm
  Born at the Castello della Genga in the territory of Spoleto, 22 August, 1760; died in Rome, 10 February, 1829.

• Leo XIII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09169a.htm
  Lengthy biographical article on the author of "Rerum novarum."

• Leo, Brother

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09173a.htm
  Companion of St. Francis of Assisi. (d. 1271)

• Leocadia, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09173b.htm
  Virgin and martyr, d. probably in 304.

• Leodegar, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09174a.htm
  Bishop of Autun, martyred in 678. Also known as St. Leger.

• Leon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09175a.htm
  Provides history and geography of the area.

• León

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09177a.htm
  Suffragan of Michoacan in Mexico, erected in 1863.

• León, Luis de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09177b.htm
  Spanish poet and theologian, b. at Belmonte, Aragon, in 1528; d. at Madrigal, 23 August, 1591.

• Leonard of Chios

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09178a.htm
  Born at an uncertain date on the Island of Chios, then under Genoese domination; died in Chios or in Italy, 1842.

• Leonard of Limousin, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09178b.htm
  According to eleventh-century legend, he was a sixth-century Frankish nobleman.

• Leonard of Port Maurice, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09178c.htm
  Franciscan preacher and ascetic writer, d. 1751.

• Leonidas, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09179a.htm
  The Roman Martyrology mentions at least six martyrs named Leonidas or Leonides, the most famous being St. Leonidas of Alexandria, the father of Origen.

• Leontius Byzantinus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09180a.htm
  An important theologian of the sixth century.

• Leontius, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09179b.htm
  Bishop of Fréjus, d. 488. On good terms with Honoratus, who founded the famous monastery of Lérins, and with John Cassian and Pope St. Leo I.

• Leontopolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09181a.htm
  A titular archiepiscopal see of Augustamnica Secunda.

• Leopoldine Society, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16052a.htm
  Established at Vienna for the purpose of aiding the Catholic missions in North America.

• Lepanto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09181b.htm
  Italian name for Naupactos (Naupactus) a titular metropolitan see of ancient Epirus

• Leprosy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09182a.htm
  A chronic infectious disease caused by the bacillus leprœ, characterized by the formation of growths in the skin, mucous membranes, peripheral nerves, bones, and internal viscera, producing various deformities and mutilations of the human body, and usually terminating in death.

• Leptis Magna

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09185a.htm
  A titular see of Tripolitana.

• Lérida

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09188a.htm
  Diocese; suffragan of Tarragona.

• Lérins, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09188b.htm
  Situated on an island of the same name, now known as that of Saint-Honorat, about a league from the coast of Provence, in the Department of the Maritime Alps, now included in the Diocese of Nice, formerly in that of Grasse or of Antibes.

• Leros

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09189a.htm
  Titular see of the Cyclades, suffragan of Rhodes.

• Leroy-Beaulieu, Anatole

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16052b.htm
  French publicist. (1842-1912)

• Lesbi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09190a.htm
  A titular see in Mauretania Sitifensis, suffragan of Sitifis, or Sétif, in Algeria.

• Lescarbot, Marc

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09190b.htm
  French lawyer, writer, and historian, b. at Vervins, between 1565 and 1570; d. about 1629.

• Lescot, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09190c.htm
  One of the greatest architects of France in the pure Renaissance style, b. at Paris about 1510; d. there, 1571.

• Lesina

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09191a.htm
  Diocese in Dalmatia; includes the three islands of Hvar (Lesina), the ancient Pharia colonized by the Greeks in 385 B.C.; Brac, formerly Brattia or Brachia, also colonized by the Greeks; and Lissa, formerly Issa.

• Leslie, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09191b.htm
  Bishop of Ross, Scotland, born 29 September, 1527, died at Guirtenburg, near Brussels 30 May, 1596.

• Lessius, Leonard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09192a.htm
  A Flemish Jesuit and a theologian of high reputation, born at Brecht, in the province of Antwerp, 1 October, 1554; died at Louvain, 15 January, 1623.

• Lessons in the Liturgy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09193a.htm
  The reading of lessons from the Bible, Acts of Martyrs, or approved Fathers of the Church, forms an important element of Christian services in all rites since the beginning.

• Lestrange, Louis-Henri de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09199a.htm
  Born in 1754, in the Château de Colombier-le-Vieux, Ardèche, France; died at Lyons, 16 July, 1827.

• Lesueur, François Eustache

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09200a.htm
  Jesuit missionary and philologist, of the Abnaki mission in Canada; born (according to notes given by Thwaites, apparently from official sources) near Coutances, Normandy, 22 July, 1685 or 1686, though Maurault gives his birthplace as Lunel, in Languedoc; died at Montreal, 28 or 26 April, 1760, or (according to Maurault) at Quebec, in 1755.

• Lesueur, Jean-François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16053a.htm
  Detailed biography emphasizing religious works of this composer, with links to related material.

• Lete

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09200b.htm
  A titular see of Macedonia.

• Letourneux, Nicolas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09201a.htm
  A well-known French preacher and ascetical writer of Jansenistic tendencies, born at Rouen, 30 April, 1640; died at Paris, 28 November, 1686.

• Letters, Ecclesiastical

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09202a.htm
  Publications or announcements of the organs of ecclesiastical authority, e.g. the synods, more particularly, however, of popes and bishops, addressed to the faithful in the form of letters.

• Leubus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09204a.htm
  A celebrated ancient Cistercian abbey, situated on the Oder, northwest of Breslau, in the Prussian Province of Silesia.

• Leuce

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09204b.htm
  A titular see of Thrace, not mentioned by any ancient historian or geographer.

• Levadoux, Michael

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09204c.htm
  One of the first band of Sulpicians who, owing to the distressed state of religion in France, went to the United States and founded St. Mary's Seminary in Baltimore; born at Clermont-Ferrand, in Auvergne, France, 1 April, 1746; died at Le-Puy-en-Velay, 13 Jan., 1815.

• Levau, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09205a.htm
  A contemporary of Jacques Lemercier and the two Mansarts, and the chief architect of the first decade of Louis XIV's independent reign, born 1612; died at Paris, 10 Oct., 1670.

• Levites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09206a.htm
  The subordinate ministers appointed in the Mosaic Law for the service of the Tabernacle and of the Temple.

• Leviticus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09207a.htm
  The third book of the Pentateuch, so called because it treats of the offices, ministries, rites, and ceremonies of the priests and Levites.

• Lex

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09207b.htm
  While official or private collections of Roman Law made under the Empire are called codices, e. g. "Codex Theodosianus", probably because they were written on parchment sheets bound together in book form, the title lex was given to collections of Roman Law made by order of the barbarian kings for such of their subjects as followed that legislation.

• Lezana, Juan Bautista de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09209a.htm
  Theologian, born at Madrid, 23 Nov., 1586; died in Rome, 29 March, 1659.

• Libel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09210a.htm
  A malicious publication by writing, printing, picture, effigy, sign, or otherwise than by mere speech, which exposes any living person, or the memory of any person deceased, to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, or which causes or tends to cause any person to be ashamed or avoided, or which has a tendency to injure any person, corporation, or association of persons, in his, her, or its business or occupation.

• Libellatici, Libelli

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09211a.htm
  The libelli were certificates issued to Christians of the third century.

• Liber Diurnus Romanorum Pontificum

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09215c.htm
  A miscellaneous collection of ecclesiastical formularies used in the papal chancery until the eleventh century.

• Liber Pontificalis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09224a.htm
  A history of the popes beginning with St. Peter and continued down to the fifteenth century, in the form of biographies.

• Liber Septimus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09226a.htm
  Three canonical collections of quite different value from a legal standpoint are known by this title.

• Libera Me

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09214a.htm
  The responsory sung at funerals.

• Libera Nos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09214b.htm
  The first words of the Embolism of the Lord's Prayer in the Roman Rite.

• Liberalism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09212a.htm
  A free way of thinking and acting in private and public life.

• Liberatore, Matteo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09215a.htm
  A philosopher, theologian, and writer, born at Salerno, Italy, 14 August, 1810; died at Rome, 18 October, 1892.

• Liberatus of Carthage

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09215b.htm
  Archdeacon author of an important history of the Nestorian and Monophysite troubles.

• Liberia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09216a.htm
  A republic on the west coast of Africa.

• Liberius, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09217a.htm
  Reigned 352-366.

• Libermann, Ven. Francis Mary Paul

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09223a.htm
  Founder of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, which was afterwards merged in the Congregation of the Holy Ghost.

• Libraries

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09227b.htm
  Collections of books accumulated and made accessible for public or private use.

• Lichfield

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09232a.htm
  This diocese took its rise in the conversion of Mercia by St. Cedd and his three companions in 652 and subsequent years.

• Lidwina, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09233a.htm
  Biography of this Dutch woman who died in 1433.

• Lieber, Ernst Maria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09233b.htm
  Born at Camberg in the Duchy of Nassau, 16 Nov., 1838; died 31 March, 1902.

• Lieber, Moriz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09235a.htm
  Politician and publicist, b. at the castle of Blankenheim in the Eifel, 1 Oct., 1790, d. at Kamberg, in Hesse-Nassau, 29 Dec., 1860.

• Liebermann, Bruno Franz Leopold

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09235b.htm
  Catholic theologian, b., at Molsheim in Alsace 12 Oct., 1759; 4. at Strasburg, 11 Nov., 1844.

• Liège

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09236a.htm
  The first capital of this diocese was Tongres, northeast of Liège; its territory originally belonged to the Diocese of Trier, then to Cologne; but after the first half of the fourth century Tongres received autonomous organization.

• Liesborn

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09237a.htm
  A former noted Benedictine Abbey in Westphalia, Germany, founded in 815; suppressed in 1803.

• Liesborn, Master of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09238a.htm
  A Westphalian painter, who in 1465 executed an altar-piece of note in the Benedictine monastery of Liesborn, founded by Charlemagne.

• Liessies

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09238b.htm
  A Benedictine monastery near Avesnes, in the Diocese of Cambrai, France (Nord), founded about the middle of eighth century and dedicated to St. Lambert.

• Life

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09238c.htm
  The enigma of life is still one of the two or three most difficult problems that face both scientist and philosopher.

• Ligamen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09244a.htm
  The existing marriage tie which constitutes in canon law a public impediment to the contracting of a second marriage.

• Lights

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09244b.htm
  Article concerned with the general aspects and in particular with the charge so often levelled against Catholicism of adopting wholesale the ceremonial practices of the pagan world.

• Ligugé

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09247a.htm
  A Benedictine Abbey, in the Diocese of Poitiers, France, was founded about the year A.D. 360, by St. Martin of Tours.

• Lilienfeld

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09247b.htm
  A Cistercian Abbey south of St. Polten, Lower Austria, founded in 1202 by Leopold the Glorious, Margrave of Austria, the first monks being supplied from the monastery of Heiligen Kreus near Vienna.

• Lilius, Aloisius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09247c.htm
  Principal author of the Gregorian Calendar, was a native of Cirò or Zirò in Calabria.

• Lille

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09251a.htm
  The ancient capital of Flanders, now the chief town of the Département du Nord in France.

• Lillooet Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09253a.htm
  An important tribe of Salishan linguistic stock, in southern British Columbia.

• Lima

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09255a.htm
  Capital of Peru.

• Limbo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09256a.htm
  A word of Teutonic derivation, meaning literally "hem" or "border," as of a garment, or anything joined on.

• Limbourg, Pol de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09259a.htm
  A French miniaturist. With his two brothers, he flourished at Paris at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century.

• Limburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09260a.htm
  Diocese in the Kingdom of Prussia, suffragan of Freiburg.

• Limerick

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09262a.htm
  Diocese in Ireland; includes the greater part of the County of Limerick and a small portion of Clare.

• Limoges

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09263a.htm
  Diocese comprising the Departments of Haute Vienne and Creuse in France.

• Limyra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09265a.htm
  A titular see of Lycia, and was a small city on the southern coast of Lycia, on the Limyrus, and twenty stadia from the mouth of this river.

• Linacre, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09265b.htm
  English physician and clergyman, founder of the Royal College of Physicians, London, b. at Canterbury about 1460; d. in London, 20 October, 1524.

• Linares

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09265c.htm
  In 1777, at the request of Charles III of Spain, Pius VII erected the episcopal See of Linares as suffragan of the Archdiocese of Mexico.

• Lincoln

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09266a.htm
  Suffragan of Dubuque, erected 2 August, 1887, to include that part of the State of Nebraska, U.S.A., south of the Platte River.

• Lincoln

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09266b.htm
  This see was founded by St. Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury, in 678, when he removed the Lindiswaras of Lincolnshire from the Diocese of Lindisfarne.

• Lindanus, William Damasus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09267a.htm
  Bishop of Ruremonde and of Ghent, b. at Dordrecht, in 1525; d. at Ghent, 2 November, 1588; he was the son of Damasus van der Lint.

• Linde, Justin Timotheus Balthasar, Freiherr von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09268a.htm
  Hessian jurist and stateman, b. in the village of Brilon, Westphalia, 7 Aug., 1797; d. at Bonn during the night of 8-9 June, 1870.

• Lindemann, Wilhelm

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09268b.htm
  A Catholic historian of German literature, b. at Schonnebeck near Essen, 17 December, 1828; d. at Niederkruechten near Erkelenz (Rhine Province) 20 December, 1879.

• Lindisfarne, Ancient Diocese and Monastery of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09269a.htm
  The island of Lindisfarne lies some two miles off the Northumberland coast, nine and one-half miles southeast of the border-town of Berwick.

• Lindores, Benedictine Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09270a.htm
  On the River Tay, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, Scotland, founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of King William the Lion, about 1191.

• Lingard, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09270c.htm
  English priest and prominent historian.

• Linköping, Ancient See of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16053b.htm
  Located in Sweden; originally included Östergötland, the Islands of Gotland and Öland, and Smaaland.

• Linoe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09272a.htm
  A titular see of Bithynia Secunda, known only from the "Notitiae Episcopatuum" which mention it as late as the twelfth and thirteenth centuries as a suffragan of Nicaea.

• Linus, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09272b.htm
  Reigned about A.D. 64 or 67 to 76 or 79.

• Linz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09273a.htm
  Suffragan of the Archdiocese of Vienna.

• Lippe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09276a.htm
  One of the Confederate States of the German Empire.

• Lippi, Filippino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09277a.htm
  Italian painter, d. 1515. Artist's biography with bibliography.

• Lippi, Filippo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09278a.htm
  Biography of the Italian painter (1406-1469).

• Lippomano, Luigi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09279a.htm
  A cardinal, hagiographer, b. in 1500; d. 15 August, 1559. Of a noble Venetian family, he devoted himself from his youth to the study of the classical languages and later to the pursuit of the sacred sciences.

• Lipsanotheca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09280a.htm
  A term sometimes used synonymously with reliquary, but signifying, more correctly, the little box containing the relics, which is placed inside the reliquary.

• Lipsius, Justus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09280b.htm
  Biographical article on the humanist by Paul Lejay.

• Lisbon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09281a.htm
  Patriarchate of Lisbon (Lisbonensis).

• Lismore

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09283a.htm
  The Diocese of Lismore extends over a territory of 21,000 square miles in the north-east of New South Wales (Australia).

• Lismore, School of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09284a.htm
  Founded in the year 635 by St. Carthach the Younger.

• Lister

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09285a.htm
  Jesuit writer, b. in Lancashire, about 1559; d. in England, probably before 1628; was the son of Christopher Lister, of Midhope, Yorks.

• Liszt, Franz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09285b.htm
  Article follows the pianist and composer's life and career, showing how his religious expression waned during his middle years, then increased toward the end of his life.

• Litany of Loreto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09287a.htm
  Long article examines the somewhat murky history of the Litany of Loreto. Also information on Marian litanies in general.

• Litany of the Holy Name

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09290a.htm
  Does not give the text of the litany itself, but mentions many of the titles of Jesus Christ.

• Litany of the Saints

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09291a.htm
  The model of all other litanies, of great antiquity.

• Lithuania

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09292a.htm
  An ancient grandy-duchy united with Poland in the fourteenth century.

• Lithuanians in the United States

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16054a.htm
  Includes information about immigration, religion, schools, and periodicals.

• Litta

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09293a.htm
  A noble Milanese family which gave two distinguished cardinals to the Church.

• Little Office of Our Lady

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09294a.htm
  Historical article on the Little Office of the Blessed Virgin Mary, modeled on the Divine Office.

• Little Rock

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09295a.htm
  The State of Arkansas and the Indian Territory, parts of the Louisiana Purchase, were formed, 1843, into the Diocese of Little Rock.

• Littré, Paul-Maximilien-Emile

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09295b.htm
  A French lexicographer and philosopher; born at Paris, 1 February, 1801; died there, 2 June, 1881.

• Liturgical Books

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09296a.htm
  All the books, published by the authority of any church, that contain the text and directions for her official (liturgical) services.

• Liturgical Chant

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09304a.htm
  A chant, if its style, composition, and execution prove it suitable for liturgical use, may properly be called liturgical chant.

• Liturgy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09306a.htm
  A Greek composite word meaning originally a public duty, a service to the state undertaken by a citizen.

• Liutprand of Cremona

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09313a.htm
  Bishop and historian, b. at the beginning of the tenth century; d. after 970.

• Liverpool

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09314a.htm
  One of the thirteen dioceses into which Pius IX divided Catholic England, 29 September, 1850, when he re-established the Catholic hierarchy.

• Livias

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09315a.htm
  A titular see in Palestina Prima, suffragan of Cæsarea.

• Llancarvan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09315b.htm
  Llancarvan, Glamorganshire, Wales, was a college and monastery founded apparently about the middle of the fifth century.

• Llandaff

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09315c.htm
  The origins of this see are to be found in the sixth century monastic movement initiated by St. Dubricius, who presided over the monastery of Mochros.

• Llanthony Priory

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09316a.htm
  A monastery of Augustinian Canons, situated amongst the Black Mountains of South Wales, nine miles north-east of Abergavenny.

• Loaisa, Garcia de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09316c.htm
  Cardinal and Archbishop of Seville, b. in Talavera, Spain, c. 1479; d. at Madrid, 21 April, 1546.

• Loango

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09317a.htm
  Formerly included in the great Kingdom of Congo, Loango became independent towards the end of the sixteenth century, at which time it extended from the mouth of the Kwilou to that of the River Congo.

• Loaves of Proposition

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09317b.htm
  Heb. "bread of the faces", i.e. "bread of the presence (of Yahweh)" (Ex., xxxv, 13; xxxix, 35, etc.), also called "holy bread".

• Lobbes, Benedictine Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09318a.htm
  Located in Hainault, Belgium, founded about 650, by St. Landelin, a converted brigand, so that the place where his crimes had been committed might benefit by his conversion.

• Lobera, Ann

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09318b.htm
  Carmelite nun, companion of St. Teresa; b. At Medina del Campo (Old Castile), 25 November, 1545; d. at Brussels, 4 March, 1621.

• Loccum

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09319a.htm
  A Cistercian abbey in the Diocese of Minden, formerly in Brunswick but now included in Hanover, was founded by Count Wilbrand von Hallermund in 1163.

• Lochleven

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09319b.htm
  A lake in Kinross-shire, Scotland, an island of which, known as St. Serf's Island (eighty acres in extent), was the seat of a religious community for seven hundred years.

• Lochner, Stephen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09319c.htm
  A painter, born at Meersburg, on the Lake of Constance, date of birth unknown; died at Cologne, 1452.

• Loci Theologici

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09320a.htm
  Loci theologici or loci communes, are the common topics of discussion in theology.

• Locke, Matthew

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09321a.htm
  Article on the English composer includes his musical development, conversion, conflicts, and noted works.

• Lockhart, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09321b.htm
  Son of the Rev. Alexander Lockhart of Waringham, Surry; b. 22 Aug., 1820; d. at St. Etheldreda's Priory, Eby Place, Holborn, London, 15 May, 1892.

• Lodi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09322b.htm
  A suffragan of Milan.

• Logia, Jesu

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09323a.htm
  Found partly in the Inspired Books of the New Testament, partly in uninspired writings.

• Logic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09324a.htm
  A historical survey from Indian and Pre-Aristotelian philosophy to the Logic of John Stuart Mill.

• Logos, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09328a.htm
  The word Logos is the term by which Christian theology in the Greek language designates the Word of God, or Second Person of the Blessed Trinity.

• Lohel, Johann

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09331a.htm
  Archbishop of Prague, b. at Eger, Bohemia, 1549; d. 2 Nov., 1622.

• Lohner, Tobias

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09332a.htm
  Professor of philosophy and speculative theology. Born 13 March, 1619, at Neuötting in the Diocese of Salzburg; died 26 (probably) May, 1697.

• Loja, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09332b.htm
  Suffragan of Quito, Ecuador, includes the greater part of the Provinces of Loja and El Oro.

• Lollards

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09333a.htm
  The name given to the followers of John Wyclif, an heretical body numerous in England in the latter part of the fourteenth and the first half of the fifteenth century.

• Loman, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09335a.htm
  Brief article accepts the tradition that Loman, bishop of Trim, was a nephew of St. Patrick.

• Lombard, Peter

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09336a.htm
  Archbishop. (1555-1625)

• Lombardy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09336b.htm
  A word derived from Longobardia and used during the Middle Ages to designate the country ruled over by the Longobards, which varied in extent with the varying fortunes of that race in Italy.

• Loménie de Brienne, Etienne-Charles de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09340a.htm
  French cardinal and statesman. (1727-1794)

• London

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09341a.htm
  The capital of England and chief city of the British Empire, is situated about fifty miles from the mouth of the Thames.

• London (Ontario)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09353a.htm
  Diocese in Canada, established 21 February, 1855; see transferred to Sandwich, 2 February, 1859, transferred back to London, 3 October, 1869.

• Longstreet, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09354a.htm
  Soldier and Catholic convert. Born 8 January, 1821, at Edgefield, South Carolina, U.S.A.; died at Gainesville, Georgia, 2 January, 1904.

• Lope de Vega Carpio, Félix de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09354b.htm
  Poet and dramatist, b. at Madrid, 1562; d. 23 Aug., 1635.

• Lopez-Caro, Francisco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09355a.htm
  Spanish artist, b. at Seville in 1598; d. at Madrid in 1662; he was a pupil of Juan de Las Roelas, the painter of the great altar-piece in the church of St. Isidore in Seville, of the "Martyrdom of St. Andrew" in the museum at Seville, and of the pictures in the university chapel.

• Lord's Prayer

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09356a.htm
  Although the Latin term oratio dominica is of early date, the phrase "Lord's Prayer" does not seem to have been generally familiar in England before the Reformation. During the Middle Ages the "Our Father" was always said in Latin, even by the uneducated. Hence it was then most commonly known as the Pater noster.

• Lorea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09357a.htm
  Titular see in Arabia.

• Lorenzana, Francisco Antonio de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09357b.htm
  Cardinal, b. 22 Sept., 1722 at Leon in Spain; d. 17 April, 1804, at Rome.

• Lorenzetti, Pietro and Ambrogio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09357c.htm
  Sienese painters. The time of their birth and death is not known.

• Lorenzo da Brindisi, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09359a.htm
  An Italian Capuchin with a talent for languages, much in demand as a preacher, was chaplain of the Imperial army. Doctor of the Church. He died in 1619.

• Lorette

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09360a.htm
  An Indian village occupied by the principal remnant of the ancient Huron tribe on the east bank of Saint Charles River.

• Lorrain, Claude de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09361a.htm
  French painter and etcher, b. in 1600 at Chamagnc on the banks of the Moselle in Lorraine; d. in Rome, 21 Nov., 1681 (or 23 Nov., 1682).

• Lorraine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09362a.htm
  By the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the empire of Charlemagne was divided in three parts: Ludwig the German received Eastern Franconia; Charles the Bald, Western Franconia; and Lothair I, the strip of land lying between the two and reaching from the North Sea to the Rhone, with Italy in addition. After the death of Lothair I, in 855, Italy passed to his son Lothair II, who gave his name to the district henceforth known as Lotharii Regnum - Lotharingen, Lothringen, or Lorraine.

• Lorsch Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09364a.htm
  One of the most renowned monasteries of the old Franco-German Empire, is situated about ten miles east of Worms in the Grand Duch of Hesse, Germany.

• Loryma

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09365a.htm
  A titular see of Caria, small fortified town and harbour on the coast of Caria.

• Lossada, Luis de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16056a.htm
  Spanish philosopher. (1681-1748)

• Lossen, Karl August

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09365b.htm
  German petrologist and geologist, born at Kreuznach (Rhine Province), 5 January, 1841; died at Berlin, 24 February, 1893.

• Lot

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09366a.htm
  Nephew of Abraham.

• Lottery

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09366b.htm
  A lottery is one of the aleatory contracts and is commonly defined as a distribution of prizes by lot or by chance.

• Lotti, Antonio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09366c.htm
  Biography of the Venetian composer noting his accomplishments as organist, teacher, and creator of operas and religious works.

• Lotto, Lorenzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09367a.htm
  Italian portrait painter, d. 1556. Artist's biography with bibliography.

• Loucheux

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09367b.htm
  The would-be Kuchin of some ethnologists, and the Tukudh of the Protestant missionaries; Richardson called them Quarrellers.

• Louis Allemand, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09376a.htm
  Brief article on this 15th-century Cardinal Archbishop of Arles, who was a supporter of antipope Felix V.

• Louis Bertrand, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09376b.htm
  Spanish Dominican novicemaster and preacher, d. 1581.

• Louis IX, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09368a.htm
  Biographical article on St. Louis, King of France, d. 1270.

• Louis of Casoria, Venerable

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09385a.htm
  Friar Minor and founder of the Frati Bigi. (1814-1885)

• Louis of Granada, Venerable

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09385b.htm
  Spanish theologian, writer, and preacher. (1505-1588)

• Louis of Toulouse, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09385c.htm
  Bishop, d. 1297.

• Louis XIV

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09371a.htm
  King of France, b. at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 16 September, 1638; d. at Versailles, 1 September, 1715; was the son of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, and became king, upon the death of his father, 14 May 1643.

• Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09384a.htm
  Missionary to Brittany, d. 1716.

• Louise de Marillac Le Gras, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09133b.htm
  Founder of the Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, d. 1660.

• Louise, Sister

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09377a.htm
  Educator and organizer, b. at Bergen-op-Zoom, Holland, 14 Nov., 1813; d. at Cincinnati, Ohio, 3 Dec., 1886.

• Louisiana

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09378a.htm
  Includes history, religious information, and statistics.

• Louisville, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09386a.htm
  Comprises that part of Kentucky west of the Kentucky River and western borders of Carroll, Owen, Franklin, Woodford, Jessamine, Garrard, Rockcastle, Laurel, and Whitley Counties.

• Lourdes, Brothers of Our Lady of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09389a.htm
  A community devoted to the education of youth and the care of the sick and infirm. It was founded at Renaix, Flanders, in 1830, by Etienne Modeste Glorieux, a Belgian priest, and approved in 1892 by Leo XIII.

• Lourdes, Notre-Dame de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09389b.htm
  The pilgrimage of Lourdes is founded on the apparitions of the Blessed Virgin to a poor, fourteen-year-old girl, Bernadette Soubiroux. The first apparition occurred 11 February, 1858.

• Louvain, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09391a.htm
  In order to restore the splendour of Louvain, capital of his Duchy of Brabant, John IV of the House of Burgundy petitioned the papal authority for the establishment of an educational institution called at the time studium generale. The Bull of Martin V, dated 9 December, 1425, was the result.

• Love, Theological Virtue of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm
  The third and greatest of the Divine virtues enumerated by St. Paul (1 Cor., xiii, 13), usually called charity, defined: a divinely infused habit, inclining the human will to cherish God for his own sake above all things, and man for the sake of God.

• Low Church

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09399a.htm
  The name given to one of the three parties or doctrinal tendencies that prevail in the Established Church of England and its daughter Churches, the correlatives being High Church and Broad Church.

• Low Sunday

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09400a.htm
  The first Sunday after Easter.

• Loyola University (New Orleans)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15203d.htm
  Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana, was (in 1912) the only Catholic university in what is popularly designated "The Old South".

• Loyola University, Chicago

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15203c.htm
  The outgrowth of St. Ignatius College, founded by the Jesuits in 1869 for the higher education of the Catholic youth of Chicago, and empowered by the Legislature of Illinois (30 June, 1870) to confer the usual degrees in the various faculties of a university.

• Lübeck

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09401a.htm
  A free imperial state and one of the Hanse towns, is in area the second smallest and in population the twentieth state in the German Empire.

• Lublin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09403a.htm
  The city of Lublin is in Russian Poland, capital of the Government of Lublin, lies on the Bistrzyca, a tributary of the Vistula, and in 1897 had a population of 50,152, of whom 30,914 were Catholics.

• Luca, Giovanni Battista de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09404a.htm
  A Cardinal and Italian canonist of the seventeenth century, b. at Venusia, Southern Italy, in 1614; d. at Rome, on 5 February, 1683.

• Lucas, Frederick

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09404b.htm
  A member of Parliament and journalist, b. in Westminster, 30 March, 1812, d. at Staines, Middlesex, 22 Oct., 1855.

• Lucca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09405a.htm
  The capital of the like named province in Tuscany, Central Italy

• Lucera

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09406a.htm
  An ancient city in the province of Foggia in Apulia, Southern Italy.

• Lucerne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09406b.htm
  Chief town of the Canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

• Lucian of Antioch

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09409a.htm
  Biographical article on the presbyter famed for his sanctity and scholarship, who died a martyr in 312.

• Lucic, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09409b.htm
  Croatian historian, b. early in the seventeenth century, at Trojir, or Tragurion, in Dalmatia; d. at Rome, 11 January, 1679.

• Lucifer

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09410a.htm
  The name Lucifer originally denotes the planet Venus, emphasizing its brilliance.

• Lucifer of Cagliari

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09410b.htm
  A bishop, who must have been born in the early years of the fourth century; died in 371.

• Lucina, Crypt of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09410c.htm
  The traditional title of the most ancient section of the catacomb of St. Callistus.

• Lucius I, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09411a.htm
  Biographical article on this pope, exiled for a time, who reigned less than one year, and died in 254.

• Lucius II, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09412a.htm
  Born at Bologna, unknown date, died at Rome, 15 February, 1145.

• Lucius III, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09412b.htm
  Died 1185. Innocent II created him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prassede on 23 February, 1141, and afterwards sent him as legate to France.

• Luçon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09413a.htm
  Embraces the Department of La Vendée.

• Lucy, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09414a.htm
  Virgin and martyr, d. 303 in the Diocletian persecution.

• Ludger, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09415a.htm
  Also known as St. Lüdiger, or Liudger. Biography of this missionary, the first bishop of Munster, who died in 809.

• Ludmilla, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09416a.htm
  Bohemian duchess, grandmother of St. Wenceslaus. Strangled to death by assassins hired by her pagan daughter-in-law in 921.

• Ludolph of Saxony

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09416b.htm
  An ecclesiastical writer of the fourteenth century, date of birth unknown; d. 13 April, 1378.

• Ludovicus a S. Carolo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09416c.htm
  Carmelite writer, b. at Châlons-sur-Marne (according to some at Chalon-sur-Saône), 20 Aug., 1608; d. at Paris 10 March, 1670.

• Lueger, Karl

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09417a.htm
  A burgomaster of Vienna, Austrian political leader and municipal reformer, born at Vienna, 24 October, 1844; died there, 10 March, 1910.

• Lugo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09417b.htm
  Diocese in Galicia, Spain, a suffragan of Santiago, said to have been founded (by Agapitus) in Apostolic times.

• Lugo, Francisco de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09418a.htm
  Jesuit theologian, b. at Madrid, 1580; d, at Valladolid, 17 September, 1652.

• Lugo, John de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09418b.htm
  Spanish Jesuit and Cardinal, one of the most eminent theologians of modern times, b. at Madrid, November, 1583, though he used to call himself "Hispalensis", because his family seat was at Seville; d. at Rome, 20 August, 1660.

• Lugos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09419a.htm
  Diocese in Hungary, suffragan of Fogaras and Alba Julia of the Uniat-Romanian Rite, was erected in November, 1853.

• Luini, Bernardino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09419b.htm
  Milanese painter, b. between 1470 and 1480; d. after 1530.

• Luke, Gospel of Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09420a.htm
  An introduction to the book.

• Lulé Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09428a.htm
  A name which has given rise to considerable confusion and dispute in Argentine ethnology, owing to the fact, now established, that it was applied at different times to two very different peoples, neither of which now exists under that name, while the vocabulary which could settle the affinity of the earlier tribe is now lost.

• Lully, Jean-Baptiste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09429a.htm
  Article profiles the composer's secular and religious contributions.

• Lumen Christi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09430a.htm
  The versicle chanted by the deacon on Holy Saturday as he lights the triple candle.

• Luminare

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09430b.htm
  The name applied to the shafts in the roof of the passages and chambers of the Catacombs occasionally pierced for the admission of light and air.

• Lummi Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09431a.htm
  The principal one of more than twenty small Salishan tribes originally holding the lower shores, islands, and eastern hinterland of Puget Sound, Washington; by the Treaty of Point Elliott (1855), gathered upon five reservations within the same territory under the jurisdiction of Tulalip Agency.

• Lumper, Gottfried

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09431b.htm
  Benedictine patristic writer, born 6 Feb., 1747, at Füssen in Bavaria; died 8 March, 1800 (Hefele says 1801), at the Abbey of St. George at Billingen in the Black Forest.

• Luna, Pedro de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09431c.htm
  Antipope under the name of Benedict XIII, b. at Illueca, Aragon, 1328; d. at the Peñiscola, near Valencia, Spain, either 29 Nov., 1422, or 23 May, 1423.

• Lund

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09433a.htm
  Ancient Catholic diocese in the Län of Malmöhus.

• Lunette

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09435a.htm
  Known in Germany as the lunula and also as the melchisedech, is a crescent-shaped clip made of gold or of silver-gilt which is used for holding the Host in an upright position when exposed in the monstrance.

• Luni-Sarzana-Brugnato

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09436a.htm
  Diocese in the province of Genoa.

• Lupus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09436b.htm
  Abbot of Ferrieres, French Benedictine writer, b. in the Diocese of Sens, about 805; d. about 862.

• Lupus, Christian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09436c.htm
  Historian, b. at Ypres (Flanders), 23 July, 1612; d. at Louvain, 10 July, 1681.

• Luscinius, Ottmar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09437a.htm
  An Alsatian Humanist, b. at Strasburg, 1487; d. at Freiburg, 1537.

• Lusignan, Jean-Baptiste-Alphonse

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09437b.htm
  French-Canadian writer, b. at St-Denis on the Richelieu, P.Q., 27 September, 1843; d. 5 January, 1893, son of Jean-Baptiste Lusignan, a merchant, and Onésime Masse.

• Lussy, Melchior

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09437c.htm
  Statesman, b. at Stans, Canton of Unterwalden, Switzerland, 1529; d. there 14 Nov., 1606.

• Lust

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438a.htm
  The inordinate craving for, or indulgence of, the carnal pleasure which is experienced in the human organs of generation.

• Luther, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09438b.htm
  Leader of the great religious revolt of the sixteenth century in Germany; born at Eisleben, 10 November, 1483; died at Eisleben, 18 February, 1546.

• Lutheranism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09458a.htm
  The religious belief held by the oldest and in Europe the most numerous of the Protestant sects, founded by the Wittenberg reformer, Martin Luther.

• Lütolf, Aloys

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09463a.htm
  Church historian. (1824-1879)

• Lutzk, Zhitomir, and Kamenetz, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09463b.htm
  Diocese located in Little Russia.

• Luxemburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09465a.htm
  The small remnant of the old duchy of this name and since 11 May, 1867, an independent neutral grand duchy, comprising 998 sq. miles of territory, lying principally between 49° 27' and 50° 12' N. lat., and 5° 45' and 6° 32' E. long.

• Luxeuil Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09467a.htm
  Situated in the Department of Haute-Saône in Franche-Comté, in the Diocese of Besançon.

• Lycopolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09468a.htm
  A titular see in Thebais Prima, suffragan of Antinoë.

• Lydda

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09468b.htm
  A titular see of Palestina Prima in the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.

• Lydgate, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09468c.htm
  Writer, born at Lydgate, Suffolk, about 1370; d. probably about 1450. He entered the Benedictine abbey at Bury when fifteen and may have been educated earlier at the school of the Benedictine monks there and have been afterwards at the Benedictine house of studies at Oxford.

• Lying

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09469a.htm
  As defined by St. Thomas Aquinas, a statement at variance with the mind.

• Lynch, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09471a.htm
  Historian, b. at Galway, Ireland, 1599; d. in France, 1673; was the son of Alexander Lynch, who kept a classical school at Galway.

• Lyndwood, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09471b.htm
  Bishop of St. David's, b. about 1375; d. in 1446.

• Lyons, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09472a.htm
  Comprises the Department of the Rhône (except the Canton of Villeurbanne, which belongs to the Diocese of Grenoble) and of the Loire.

• Lyons, Councils of (Introduction)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09476a.htm
  This article deals only with the two general councils of 1245 and 1275.

• Lyons, First Council of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09476b.htm
  Innocent IV, threatened by Emperor Frederick II, arrived at Lyons 2 December, 1244, and early in 1245 summoned the bishops and princes to the council.

• Lyons, Second Council of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09476c.htm
  One of the most largely attended of conciliar assemblies, there being present five hundred bishops, sixty abbots, more than a thousand prelates or procurators.

• Lyrba

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478a.htm
  A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by its coins and the mention made of it by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, Ptolemy, V, 5, S, and Hierocles.

• Lysias

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478b.htm
  A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris, mentioned by Strabo, XII, 576, Pliny, V, 29, Ptolemy, V, 2, 23, Hierocles, and the "Notitiae episcopatuum", probably founded by Antiochus the Great about 200 B.C.

• Lystra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478c.htm
  A titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium.

 

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