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• Baader, Franz Xaver von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02173a.htm
  German philosopher, born at Munich, 1765; died 23 May, 1841.

• Baal, Baalim

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02175a.htm
  A word which belongs to the oldest stock of the Semite vocabulary and primarily means "lord", "owner".

• Baalbek

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02177a.htm
  Town in Syria; also called Heliopolis.

• Babel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02177b.htm
  The word is derived from the Babylonian bab-ilu, meaning "gate of God".

• Babenstuber, Ludwig

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02178a.htm
  German philosopher and theologian; vice-chancellor of the University of Salzburg; born 1660 at Teining in Bavaria; died 5 April, 1726, at the Benedictine monastery of Ettal.

• Babinet, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02178b.htm
  French physicist. (1794-1872)

• Babylas, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02178c.htm
  Bishop of Antioch, martyr in the Decian persecution, died in prison.

• Babylon (Title)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02179a.htm
  The curial title of a Latin archbishopric, also of a Chaldean patriarchate, and of a Syrian archbishopric.

• Babylonia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02179b.htm
  Includes geography, history, and biblical references.

• Baccanceld

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02189a.htm
  This meeting was rather a witenagemot, or Parliament, than an ecclesiastical synod, presided over by Wihtred, King of Kent.

• Bacchylus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02189b.htm
  Bishop of Corinth.

• Bachelot, Alexis John Augustine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16006a.htm
  Prefect Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands. (1796-1837)

• Bachiarius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190a.htm
  An early fifth-century writer, known only through two treatises which warrant the conjecture that he was a monk, possibly an abbot, and a Spaniard.

• Bachmann, Paul

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190b.htm
  Catholic theological controversialist, born at Chemnitz, Saxony, about 1466.

• Backer, Augustin de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190c.htm
  Bibliographer, born at Antwerp, Belgium, 18 July, 1809; died at Liège, 1 December, 1873.

• Backx, Peter Hubert Evermode

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02190d.htm
  Ordained priest 17 March, 1832, considered the second founder of the Norbertine Abbey of Tongerloo.

• Bacon, David William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02191a.htm
  First Bishop of Portland, Maine. (1813-1874)

• Bacon, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02191b.htm
  An English Carmelite and theologian, born towards the end of the thirteenth century.

• Bacon, Nathaniel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02191c.htm
  Better know under the assumed name of Southwell, a Jesuit priest and bibliographer, b. in the county of Norfolk, England, in 1598; d. at Rome, 2 Dec., 1676.

• Baconian System of Philosophy, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02192a.htm
  Essay takes a look at this system and its relation to theology and the beliefs of the Catholic church.

• Badajoz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02193a.htm
  The Latin name Pax, or Civitas Pacensis, was given to this district because it was thought to be the Pax Julia or Pax Augusta of the Romans.

• Baden

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02194a.htm
  The Grand Duchy of Baden is situated in the southwestern part of the German Empire.

• Badia, Tommaso

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02200a.htm
  Cardinal, author, papal legate, born at Modena, 1483; died at Rome, 6 September, 1547.

• Badin, Stephen Theodore

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02200b.htm
  Pioneer missionary priest of Kentucky. (1768-1853)

• Badius, Raphael

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02201a.htm
  A Florentine Dominican of the seventeenth century.

• Baegert, John Jacob

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02201b.htm
  Missionary and ethnographer. (1717-1777)

• Baert, François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02201c.htm
  Bollandist, born at Ypres, 25 August, 1651; died at Antwerp, 27 October, 1719.

• Baeumer, Suitbert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02202a.htm
  Historian of the Breviary and one of the most scholarly patrologists of the nineteenth century.

• Bagamoyo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02202b.htm
  Vicariate apostolic in German East Africa, separated by a pontifical Decree of 11 May, 1906, from the Vicariate Apostolic of Northern Zanzibar.

• Bagdad

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02202c.htm
  Founded on the Tigris by the second Abbaside Caliph Abou Giafar al Mansur (762 or 764) and named by him Medinet es-Selam, or City of Salvation.

• Bageis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203a.htm
  A titular see of Lydia in Asia Minor.

• Baglioni, Giovanni, Cavaliere

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203b.htm
  Known as the "Deaf Man of the Barozzo", a painter of distinction, b. in Rome, 1571; d. there 1644.

• Bagnorea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203c.htm
  A diocese situated in the district of Viterbo, Italy, and immediately subject to the Holy See.

• Bagot, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203d.htm
  Theologian, born at Rennes, in France, 9 July, 1591, died at Paris, 23 August, 1664.

• Bagshaw, Christopher

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02203e.htm
  Convert, priest, prisoner for the Faith, and a prominent figure in the controversies between Catholic priests and the reign of Elizabeth.

• Bahama Islands, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02204a.htm
  The most northerly group of the West Indies.

• Bailey, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02206a.htm
  Controversialist, died c. 1657.

• Baillargeon, Charles François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02206b.htm
  A French-Canadian bishop. (1798-1870)

• Baillet, Adrien

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02206c.htm
  French author. (1649-1706)

• Bailloquet, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207a.htm
  French missionary to Canadian Indians. (1612-1692)

• Baily, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207b.htm
  A Catholic clergyman, b. in Yorkshire, England; d. at Douai, France, 7 October, 1591.

• Bainbridge, Christopher

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207c.htm
  Archbishop of York, and Cardinal. (1464-1514)

• Baines, Peter Augustine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02207d.htm
  Titular Bishop of Siga. (1787-1843)

• Baines, Ralph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02208a.htm
  Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, England, b. at Knowsthorp, Yorks, date of birth uncertain; d. 18 November, 1559.

• Baini, Abbate Giuseppe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02209a.htm
  Composer, born in Rome, 21 October, 1775; died there 21 May, 1844.

• Baithen of Iona, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02209b.htm
  Irish monk, immediate successor of St. Columba as abbot of Iona. Baithen died sometime between 598 and 600.

• Baius, Michel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02209c.htm
  Theologian and author of a system known as Baianism. (1513-1589)

• Baker City, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02213b.htm
  Comprises Wasco, Klamath, Lake, Sherman, Gilliam, Wheeler, Morrow, Grant, Union, Crook, Umatilla, Wallowa, Baker, Harney, and Malheur counties in the State of Oregon, U.S.A.

• Baker, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02212a.htm
  Real name David Henry Lewis. Biography of the convert to Catholicism, who was martyred in 1679.

• Baker, David Augustine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02212b.htm
  Benedictine mystic and ascetic writer. (1575-1641)

• Baker, Francis Asbury

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02213a.htm
  American priest and convert. (1820-1865)

• Bakócz, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02214a.htm
  Cardinal and statesman, b. about 1442, in the village of Erdoed, county Szatmar, Northeastern Hungary; d. 15 June, 1521.

• Balaam

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02214b.htm
  The derivation of the name is uncertain. Dr. Neubauer would connect it with the god Ammo or Ammi, as though Balaam belonged to a people whose god or lord was Ammo or Ammi.

• Balanaea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02215a.htm
  A titular see of Syria.

• Balbina, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02216a.htm
  There are at least two saints of this name venerated at Rome.

• Balbinus, Boleslaus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02216b.htm
  A Jesuit historian of Bohemia. (1621-1688)

• Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02216c.htm
  Explorer, discoverer of the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of Central America. (1475-1517)

• Balbuena, Bernardo de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02217a.htm
  A Spanish poet, born in Val de Peñas, 1568; died in Porto Rico, 1627.

• Balbus, Hieronymus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02217b.htm
  Humanist, poet, diplomatist, and Bishop of Gurk in Carinthia, b. about 1450 at Venice; d. there, probably 1535.

• Baldachium of the Altar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02217c.htm
  A dome-like canopy in wood, stone, or metal, erected over the high altar of larger churches, generally supported on four columns, though sometimes suspended by chains from the roof.

• Balde, Jacob

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02218a.htm
  A German poet. (1604-1668)

• Balderic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02218c.htm
  Bishop of Dol, in France, chronicler, b. about 1050; d. 7 January, 1130.

• Balderic (Baudry)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02218b.htm
  A monk of Liège, a writer and teacher of the twelfth century, b. date unknown, at Florennes in Belgium; d. about 1157.

• Baldi, Bernardino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02219a.htm
  An Italian poet and savant, b. at Urbino, 5 June, 1553; d. at the same place, 10 October, 1617.

• Baldovinetti, Alesso

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02219c.htm
  A notable Florentine painter, b. in Florence, 14 October, 1427; d. there, 29 August, 1499.

• Baldred, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02220a.htm
  Two saints of this name have the same feast day. One was a Celt; the other, and Englishman.

• Baldung, Hans

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02220b.htm
  Known as Grien or Grun, from his fondness for brilliant green, both in his own costume and in his pictures, a vigorous and distinguished painter, engraver, and draughtsman on wood, b. at Gmund, Swabia, about 1476; d. at Strasburg, 1545.

• Baldwin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02220c.htm
  Archbishop of Trier and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire, born 1285; died 1354.

• Baldwin of Canterbury

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02221b.htm
  Thirty-ninth Archbishop, a native of Exeter, date of birth unknown; d. 19 Nov., 1190.

• Baldwin, Francis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02221a.htm
  Jurist. (1520-1573)

• Balearic Isles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02221c.htm
  A group in the western part of the Mediterranean belonging to Spain and consisting of four larger islands, Majorca, Minorca, Iviza, and Formentera, and eleven smaller islands of rocky formation.

• Ball, Mother Frances Mary Teresa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02222b.htm
  Born in Dublin 9 January, 1794; died 19 May, 1861; foundress of the Irish Branch of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

• Ballarat

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02223a.htm
  One of the three suffragan dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Melbourne, Australia.

• Ballerini, Antonio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16006b.htm
  Jesuit theologian. (1805-1881)

• Ballerini, Girolamo and Pietro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02223b.htm
  Celebrated theologians and canonists, the sons of a distinguished surgeon of Verona.

• Balme, Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02224a.htm
  A Franciscan theologian, born at Genera, date uncertain; d. 23 February, 1439.

• Balmes, Jaime Luciano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02224b.htm
  Philosopher and publicist, b. at Vich, Spain, 28 August, 1810; d. there, 9 July, 1848.

• Balsam

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02226a.htm
  Balsam is an oily, resinous, and odorous substance, which flows spontaneously or by incision from certain plants, and which the Church mixes with olive oil for use as chrism.

• Balsamon, Theodore

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02226b.htm
  A canonist of the Greek Church, born in the second half of the twelfth century at Constantinople; died there, after 1195.

• Baltasar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02226c.htm
  The Greek and Latin name for Belshazzar, which is the Hebrew equivalent for Bel­sarra­usur, i.e., "May Bel protect the king".

• Baltimore, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02228a.htm
  History includes colonial and American periods.

• Baltimore, Plenary Councils of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02235a.htm
  Provides details of three councils held in 1852, 1866, and 1884.

• Baltimore, Provincial Councils of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02239a.htm
  These councils have a unique importance for the Church in the United States, inasmuch as the earlier ones legislated for practically the whole territory of the Republic, and furnished moreover a norm for all the later provincial councils of the country.

• Baltus, Jean François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02241a.htm
  Theologian, born at Metz, 8 June, 1667; died at Reims, 9 March, 1743.

• Balue, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02241b.htm
  A French cardinal, b. probably c. 1421, in Poitou; d. 5 October, 1491, at Ripatransone.

• Baluze, Etienne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02242a.htm
  French scholar and historian. (1630-1718)

• Bamberg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02242c.htm
  Includes history and statistics for the Archdiocese of Bamberg, in the kingdom of Bavaria.

• Banaias

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246a.htm
  The name of several men mentioned in the Bible.

• Bancel, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246b.htm
  Born at Valence, 1628; died at Avignon, 1685.

• Bandello, Matteo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246c.htm
  Writer, born at Castelnuovo di Scrivia in Piedmont, Italy, in 1480; died Bishop of Agen, France, in 1565.

• Banduri, Anselmo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02246d.htm
  Archaeologist and numismatologist. (1671-1743)

• Bañez, Domingo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02247a.htm
  Detailed article on the Spanish Dominican theologian.

• Bangor

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02249b.htm
  Diocese; anciently known as Bangor Vawr, situated in Carnarvonshire on the Menai Straits.

• Bangor Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02250a.htm
  The name of two famous monastic establishments in Ireland and England.

• Bangor, Antiphonary of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02249a.htm
  The codex, found by Muratori in the Ambrosian Library at Milan.

• Banim, John and Michael

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02251a.htm
  Brothers and writers from Kilkenny, Ireland.

• Banjaluka

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02252a.htm
  The Diocese of Banjaluka in Western Bosnia.

• Bankruptcy, Civil Aspect of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02252b.htm
  Earlier English terms, bankruptship, bankrupture.

• Bankruptcy, Moral Aspect of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02254a.htm
  Bankruptcy must be considered not only from the legal but also from the moral point of view; for sound morality prescribes that debts must be paid.

• Banns of Marriage

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02255a.htm
  In general the ecclesiastical announcement of the names of persons contemplating marriage.

• Bapst, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02258a.htm
  Jesuit missionary and educator. (1815-1887)

• Baptism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02258b.htm
  One of the Seven Sacraments of the Christian Church; frequently called the "first sacrament", the "door of the sacraments", and the "door of the Church".

• Baptismal Font

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02274a.htm
  A basin or vase, serving as a receptacle for baptismal water in which the candidate for baptism is immersed, or over which he is washed, in the ceremony of Christian initiation.

• Baptismal Vows

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02275a.htm
  The name popularly given to the renunciations required of an adult candidate for baptism just before the sacrament is conferred.

• Baptista Mantuanus, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02276a.htm
  Carmelite, Renaissance poet, d. 1516.

• Baptista Varani, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16006c.htm
  Poor Clare and ascetical writer. She died in 1527.

• Baptistery

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02276b.htm
  The separate building in which the Sacrament of Baptism was once solemnly administered, or that portion of the church-edifice later set apart for the same purpose.

• Baptistines

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02277a.htm
  I. Hermits of St. John the Baptist. II. Missionaries of St. John the Baptist. III. Sisterhood of St. John the Baptist.

• Baptists

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02278a.htm
  A Protestant denomination which exists chiefly in English speaking countries and owes its name to its characteristic doctrine and practice regarding baptism.

• Bar Hebræus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02294a.htm
  A Jacobite Syrian bishop, philosopher, poet, grammarian, physician, Biblical commentator, historian, and theologian. (1226-1286)

• Bar-Kepha, Moses

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02296b.htm
  Jacobite bishop and writer. (813-903)

• Barac

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02281a.htm
  The deliverer of the Israelites from the power of the Chanaanites under the judgeship of Debbora.

• Baradæus, Jacob

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02282a.htm
  A Syrian Monophysite bishop, born in Tella, towards the end of the fifth or the beginning of the sixth century, died in 578.

• Baraga, Frederic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02282b.htm
  First Bishop of Marquette, Michigan, U.S.A. (1797-1868)

• Barat, Nicolas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284a.htm
  A French Orientalist, born at Bourges during the first quarter of the seventeenth century; died in 1706 at Paris.

• Barba, Alvaro Alonzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284b.htm
  A secular priest and writer.

• Barbalissos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284c.htm
  A titular see of Mesopotamia.

• Barbara, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02284d.htm
  Legendary virgin and martyr, first mentioned in the early seventh century. Alleged to have died in the third or fourth century, but date is uncertain and place of martyrdom varies.

• Barbarigo, Giovanni Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02285a.htm
  Italian Cardinal, nephew of Blessed Gregorio Barbarigo (1625-97), born in 1658 at Venice; died in 1730.

• Barbastro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02285b.htm
  Suffragan diocese of the Spanish province of Huesca.

• Barbelin, Felix-Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02286a.htm
  Styled the "apostle of Philadelphia", b. at Luneville, Province of Alsace, France, 30 May, 1808; d. in Philadelphia, 8 June, 1869.

• Barber Family, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02286b.htm
  Daniel Barber, soldier of the Revolution, Episcopalian minister and convert. (1756-1834) Virgil Horace Barber, son of Daniel. (1782-1847)

• Barbieri, Giovanni

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02287a.htm
  A famous painter of religious subjects. (1591-1666)

• Barbosa, Agostino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02287b.htm
  A noted canonist, b. at Guimaraens, Portugal, in 1589; consecrated in Rome, 22 March, 1649, Bishop of Ugento in Otranto, Italy, died seven months later.

• Barbosa-Machado, Ignacio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288a.htm
  A Portuguese historian, born at Lisbon in 1686; died in 1734.

• Barbour, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288b.htm
  Scottish ecclesiastic and author of "The Bruce", a historical poem in the early Scottish or Northern English dialect, b. about 1320; d. 1395.

• Barbus, Paulus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288c.htm
  Italian philosopher and theologian, died at Cremona, 4 August, 1494.

• Barca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288d.htm
  A titular see of Cyrenaica in Northern Africa.

• Barcelona

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02288e.htm
  One of the suffragan dioceses of the Archdiocese of Tarragona.

• Barcelona, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02290a.htm
  An outgrowth of the ecclesiastical schools founded in the eleventh century.

• Barcena, Alonzo de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02291a.htm
  A Jesuit, native of Bacza in Andalusia, Spain. (1528-1598)

• Barclay, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02291b.htm
  Author of the political novel "Argenis" and other Latin works in prose and verse. (1582-1621)

• Barclay, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02291c.htm
  Scottish jurist, b. 1546; d. at Angers, France, 3 July, 1608.

• Barco Centenera, Martin del

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02292a.htm
  A secular priest, in 1572 accompanied as chaplain, the expedition of Juan Ortiz de Zárate to the Rio de La Plata.

• Barcos, Martin de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02292b.htm
  French theologian of the Jansenist School. (1600-1678)

• Bard, Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02292c.htm
  An English soldier and diplomat, b. 1604; d. 1660.

• Bardesanes and Bardesanites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02293a.htm
  Syrian Gnostic or, more correctly, a Syrian poet, astrologist, and philosopher, d. 222, at Edessa.

• Bari

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02295a.htm
  An archdiocese situated in the province of the same name, in Apulia, Southern Italy.

• Barjesus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02296a.htm
  False prophet mentioned in the New Testament.

• Barlaam and Josaphat

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02297a.htm
  Main characters of a seventh-century Christian legend. Barlaam, a hermit, converted the prince Josaphat to Christianity, despite the efforts of Josaphat's father Abenner to prevent such a thing. Although Barlaam and Josaphat are included in the Roman Martyrology and in the Greek calendar, the story is actually a Christianized version of a legend about Buddha.

• Barletta, Gabriel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02297b.htm
  Sometimes called Barlete, De Barolo, or Barolus.

• Barlings, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02298a.htm
  Founded in 1154 in honour of Our Lady by Ralph de Haye who had given some lands to the Abbot of Newhouse.

• Barlow, William Rudesind

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02298c.htm
  Third son of Sir Alexander Barlow of Barlow Hall, date of birth uncertain; d. at Douai, 19 Sept., 1656.

• Barnabas of Terni

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02301a.htm
  Friar Minor and missionary, d. 1474 or 1477.

• Barnabas, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02300a.htm
  Originally Joseph, styled an Apostle in Holy Scripture, and, like St. Paul, ranked by the Church with the Twelve, though not one of them.

• Barnabas, The Epistle of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02299a.htm
  Contains no clue to its author nor to those for whom it was intended.

• Barnabites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02302a.htm
  The popular name of a religious order which is canonically known by the title, given to it by Pope Paul III in 1535, of Regular Clerics of St. Paul.

• Baroccio, Federigo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02303a.htm
  Italian painter and engraver. (1528-1612)

• Barocco Style

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02303b.htm
  A debased application to architecture of Renaissance features.

• Baron, Bonaventura

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02303c.htm
  Irish Franciscan theologian, philosopher, and writer of Latin prose and verse. (1610-1696)

• Baron, Vincent

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02304a.htm
  Dominican theologian and preacher. (1604-1674)

• Baronius, Venerable Cesare

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02304b.htm
  Cardinal and ecclesiastical historian. (1538-1607)

• Barquisimeto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307a.htm
  Diocese in Venezuela, South America.

• Barradas, Sebastião

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307b.htm
  A Portuguese exegete and preacher, born at Lisbon in 1543; died at Coimbra in 1615.

• Barral, Louis-Mathias, Count de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307c.htm
  Archbishop of Tours, France, born 26 April, 1746, at Grenoble; died 7 June, 1816, at Paris.

• Barrande, Joachim

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02307d.htm
  French palæontologist. (1799-1883)

• Barrasa, Jacinto

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308a.htm
  Born at Lima, Peru, early in the seventeenth century; died there, 22 Nov., 1704.

• Barre, Antoine-Lefebvre, Sieur de la

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308b.htm
  Tenth French Governor-General of Canada, b. at Paris in 1622; d. in 1690.

• Barreira, Balthasar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308c.htm
  A Portuguese Jesuit missionary, born at Lisbon, 1531; died 1612.

• Barrientos, Lopez de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02308d.htm
  Spanish Dominican bishop, patriot, and diplomat. (1382-1469)

• Barron, Edward

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16007a.htm
  Irish missionary. (1801-1854)

• Barros, João de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02309a.htm
  Historian, b. in Portugal, 1496; d. 20 October, 1570.

• Barrow, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02309b.htm
  Priest, descended from a family of stanch Catholic yeomen. (1735-1811)

• Barrow, William, Venerable

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02309c.htm
  An English Jesuit martyr, born in Lancashire, in 1609, died 30 June, 1679.

• Barruel, Augustin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02310a.htm
  Controversialist and publicist, born at Villeneuve de Berg (Ardeche); 2 October, 1741; died at Paris, 5 October, 1820.

• Barry, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02311a.htm
  Second Bishop of Savannah. (1799-1859)

• Barry, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02310b.htm
  U.S. Navy Captain. (1745-1803)

• Barry, Patrick

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312a.htm
  Horticulturist. (1816-1890)

• Barry, Paul de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312b.htm
  A member of the Society of Jesus, born at Leucate in 1587; died at Avignon, 28 July, 1661.

• Barthel, Johann Caspar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312c.htm
  A German canonist. (1697-1771)

• Barthélemy, Jean-Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02312d.htm
  French numismatologist and writer, b. at Cassis (Provence), 1716; d. in Paris, 1795.

• Bartholi, Francesco della Rossa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02313a.htm
  Friar Minor and chronicler, died c. 1372.

• Bartholomaeus Anglicus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02313b.htm
  Thirteenth-century Franciscan encyclopedist.

• Bartholomew

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02314a.htm
  Also called Bartholomaeus Parvus (the Little), born at Bologna, year not known; died 15 August, 1333.

• Bartholomew of Braga, Venerable

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02314b.htm
  Born at Verdela, near Lisbon, May, 1514; died at Viana, 16 July, 1590.

• Bartholomew of Braganca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02315a.htm
  Born about 1200; died 1 July, 1271.

• Bartholomew of Brescia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02315b.htm
  Italian canonist, b. probably in the second half of the twelfth century at Brescia; d. 1258.

• Bartholomew of Edessa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02315c.htm
  Syrian apologist and polemical writer.

• Bartholomew of Lucca

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02316a.htm
  Historian, b. about 1227 at Lucca; d. about 1327.

• Bartholomew of Pisa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02316b.htm
  Friar Minor and chronicler.

• Bartholomew of San Concordio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02316c.htm
  Canonist, and man of letters, b. at San Concordia, near Pisa about 1260; d. at Pisa, 11 June, 1347.

• Bartholomew, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02313c.htm
  Mentioned in the lists of apostles in the Synoptic Gospels and in Acts, thought to be identical with Nathaniel (mentioned only in the Gospel of John).

• Bartholomites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02317a.htm
  The name given to Armenian monks who sought refuge in Italy after the invasion of their country by the Sultan of Egypt in 1296.

• Bartoli, Daniello

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02317b.htm
  Historian and littérateur, born at Ferrara, 12 February, 1608; died in Rome, 12 January, 1685.

• Bartolocci, Giulio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02317c.htm
  A Cistercian monk and learned Hebrew scholar, b. at Celleno in the old kingdom of Naples, 1 April, 1613; d. at Rome, 19 October, 1687.

• Bartolommeo, Fra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02318a.htm
  Italian Dominican painter (1475-1517)

• Bartolozzi, Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02319a.htm
  An engraver, etcher, and painter, b. at Florence, 1727; d. at Lisbon, 1815.

• Barton, Elizabeth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02319b.htm
  Born probably in 1506; executed at Tyburn, 20 April, 1534; called the "Nun of Kent".

• Baruch

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02319c.htm
  The disciple of Jeremiah, and the traditional author of the deuto-canonical book, which bears his name.

• Barzynski, Vincent

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16007b.htm
  Polish-American priest (1838-1899)

• Bas-relief

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02341a.htm
  A sculpture executed upon and attached to a flat surface.

• Basil of Amasea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329d.htm
  Bishop and Martyr.

• Basil of Seleucia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02330a.htm
  Bishop and ecclesiastical writer, date of birth uncertain; d., probably, between 458 and 460.

• Basil the Great, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02330b.htm
  Biographical article on the Bishop of Caesarea, who is one of the Cappadocian Fathers, Doctor of the Church, and brother of St. Gregory of Nyssa.

• Basil, Liturgy of Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02321a.htm
  Several Oriental liturgies, or at least several anaphoras, have been attributed to the great St. Basil, Bishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia from 370 to 379.

• Basil, Rule of Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02322a.htm
  St. Basil drew up his Rule for the members of the monastery he founded about 356 on the banks of the Iris in Cappadocia.

• Basilians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02324a.htm
  Priests of the Community of St. Basil.

• Basilica

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02325a.htm
  The term can indicate either the architectural style of a church, or its canonical status.

• Basilides

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329a.htm
  Martyrs bearing this name are mentioned in the old martyrologies on three different days, namely, on 10, 12, and 28 June.

• Basilides

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02326a.htm
  The earliest of the Alexandrian Gnostics, a native of Alexandria and flourished under the Emperors Adrian and Antoninus Pius, about 120-140.

• Basilinopolis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329b.htm
  A titular see of Asia Minor.

• Basilissa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02329c.htm
  Several saints of this name appear in martyrologies. Next to nothing is known about any of them except place of martyrdom, and sometimes the names of their spouses or companions in martyrdom.

• Basins, Ecclesiastical Use of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02334a.htm
  Extensively used in the Jewish Ritual and were in early use in Christian churches for ablutions and to receive lamp-drippings.

• Basle, Council of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02334b.htm
  Convoked by Pope Martin V in 1431, closed at Lausanne in 1449.

• Basle-Lugano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02338a.htm
  Composed of the two Dioceses of Basle and Lugano which are united only by having a bishop in common.

• Bassein

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02343a.htm
  The birthplace of St. Gonsalo Garcia, the only Indian saint, who was a companion of St. Philip de las Casas, the first native of America to be canonized.

• Bassett, Joshua

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02344a.htm
  Convert and controversialist, Master of Sidney Sussex College, born about 1641, at Lynn Regis, where his father was a merchant; died in London, in 1720.

• Bassi, Matthew of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02344b.htm
  Founder of the Capuchins. (1495-1552)

• Bassianus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02345a.htm
  Bishop of Ephesus (444-448).

• Bastiat, Claude-Frédéric

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02345b.htm
  A French economist, b. at Mugron, a small city in the Department of Landes, 29 June, 1801; d. at Rome, 24 December, 1850.

• Baston, Guillaume-André-Réné

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02345c.htm
  A French theologian, b. at Rouen, 29 November, 1741; d. at Saint-Laurent, 26 September, 1825.

• Basutoland

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02346a.htm
  A mountainous district of South Africa, bounded on the north and west by the Orange River Colony, on the easy by Natal, and on the south by Cape Colony.

• Batavia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02346b.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia.

• Bath Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02347a.htm
  The first religious house in Bath was a monastery of nuns founded by King Osric, A.D. 676.

• Bath and Wells

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02347b.htm
  Ancient diocese coextensive with the county of Somerset, England.

• Bathe, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02348a.htm
  Irishman, Jesuit, wrote educational books on music and language. He died in 1614.

• Bathilde, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02348b.htm
  A runaway slave who became the wife of King Clovis II. Upon widowhood, she founded monasteries and proved herself a capable regent. She died in 680.

• Bathurst

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02349a.htm
  Diocese situated in New South Wales, Australia, in the ecclesiastical Province of Sydney.

• Battaglini, Marco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02349b.htm
  A historian of the councils, b. at Rimini, Italy, 25 March, 1645; d. at Cesena, 19 September, 1717.

• Batteux, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350a.htm
  Abbé and writer on philosophy and aesthetics, b. near Vouziers, France, 6 May, 1713; d. at Paris, 14 July, 1780.

• Battista, Giovanni Giuda Giona

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350b.htm
  Original name, Jehuda Jona Ben-Isaac.

• Battle Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350c.htm
  Founded by William the Conqueror on the site of the Battle of Senlae or Hastings (1066).

• Bauberger, Wilhelm

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02350d.htm
  German physician, novelist, and poet, b. at Thannhausen in Swabian Bavaria, 3 March, 1809; d. at the same place, 8 February, 1883.

• Baudeau, Nicolas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02351a.htm
  Regular Canon and economist, b. at Amboise, France, 25 April, 1730; d. in 1792.

• Baudouin, Michel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02351b.htm
  Italian missionary born 1692. Entered the Society of Jesus in France at the age of twenty-one, arrived in Louisiana in 1728.

• Baumgartner, Alexander

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16008b.htm
  Swiss poet and writer. (1841-1910)

• Baumgartner, Gallus Jacob

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02351c.htm
  A Swiss statesman, b. 18 October, 1797, at Altstätten, Switzerland; d. 12 July, 1869, at St. Gallen.

• Baunard, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02352a.htm
  Educator, b. at Bellgarde (Loiret), France, in 1828.

• Bauny, Etienne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02352b.htm
  Theologian, b. in 1564 at Mouzon, Ardennes, France; d. 3 December, 1649, at Saint Pol de Léon.

• Bausset, Louis-François de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02352c.htm
  A French cardinal, writers, and statesman. (1748-1824)

• Bautain, Louis-Eugène-Marie

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02353a.htm
  Philosopher and theologian. (1796-1867)

• Bautista, Fray Juan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02353b.htm
  Franciscan, who taught theology and metaphysics at the convent of St. Francis of Mexico.

• Bavaria, The Kingdom of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02353c.htm
  Named after the German tribe called Boiarii.

• Bawden, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02357a.htm
  An English Jesuit, born at Cornwall, 1563; died at St.-Omer, 28 September, 1632.

• Bayer, Adèle

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02357b.htm
  Eldest daughter of Andrew Parmentier, b. in Belgium, 4 July, 1814, and d. in Brooklyn, New York, 22 January, 1892.

• Bayeu y Subias, Francisco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02358a.htm
  Born at Saragossa, 9 March, 1734; died Madrid, 4 August, 1795, a distinguished religious and historical painter.

• Bayeux

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02358b.htm
  Coextensive with the Department of Calvados, is suffragan to the Archbishopric of Rouen.

• Bayley, James Roosevelt

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02359a.htm
  First Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.; eighth Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland. (1814-1877)

• Bayma, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02360a.htm
  Jesuit mathematician and scientist. (1816-1892)

• Bayonne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02360b.htm
  Diocese comprising the Department of Basses-Pyrenees.

• Baysio, Guido de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02361a.htm
  An Italian canonist, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century of a noble Ghibelline family; d. at Avignon, 10 August, 1313.

• Bazin, John Stephen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02361b.htm
  Third Bishop of Vincennes (now the Diocese of Indianapolis). (1796-1848)

• Beads, Use of, at Prayers

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02361c.htm
  Essay on chaplets, rosaries, prayer ropes, prayer cords. Brief treatment of the use of beads in prayer by non-Christians.

• Beards

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02362a.htm
  Among the Jews, as among most Oriental peoples, the beard was especially cherished as a symbol of virility; to cut off another man's beard was an outrage.

• Beardsley, Aubrey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02363a.htm
  Biography of the daring English illustrator.

• Beatific Vision

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364a.htm
  The immediate knowledge of God which the angelic spirits and the souls of the just enjoy in Heaven.

• Beatification and Canonization

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364b.htm
  According to some writers the origin in the Catholic Church is to be traced back to the ancient pagan apotheosis.

• Beatitudes, Mount of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02369a.htm
  Name given to the place where the "Sermon on the Mount", was delivered.

• Beatitudes, The Eight

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02371a.htm
  The solemn blessings which mark the opening of the Sermon on the Mount.

• Beaton, David

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02372a.htm
  Cardinal, Archbishop of St. Andrews, b. 1494; d. 29 May, 1546.

• Beaton, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02374a.htm
  Scottish Archbishop. (1473-1539)

• Beaton, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02374b.htm
  Archbishop of Glasgow. (1517-1603)

• Beatrix

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02375a.htm
  Brief biographies of seven saints or beatae named Beatrix or Beatrice. One of them, Beatrix da Silva, has since been canonized.

• Beaufort, Lady Margaret

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02376a.htm
  Countess of Richmond and Derby, b. 1441; d. 1509, daughter and heiress of John Beaufort, first Duke of Somerset.

• Beaulieu Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02376b.htm
  A Cistercian house in Hampshire, one of the three monasteries founded by King John (c. 1204) and peopled by thirty monks from Cîteaux.

• Beaune, Renaud de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02376c.htm
  A French Bishop, b. in 1527, at Tours; d. 1606 in Paris.

• Beauregard, Jean-Nicolas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02377a.htm
  French pulpit orator. (1733-1794)

• Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02377b.htm
  Soldier, b. near New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., 28 May, 1818; d. there 20 February, 1893.

• Beauvais

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02377c.htm
  A suffragan diocese of the archiepiscopal See of Reims.

• Beauvais, Gilles-François-de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02378a.htm
  Jesuit writer and preacher, born at Mans, France, 7 July, 1693; died probably at Paris about 1773.

• Beauvais, Jean-Baptiste-Charles-Marie de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02378b.htm
  A French bishop, b. at Cherbourg, 17 October, 1731; d. at Paris, 4 April, 1790.

• Bebian, Roch-Amboise-Auguste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02379a.htm
  Sent to France, committed to the care of his godfather, the Abbé Sicard, the well-known educator of the deaf and dumb.

• Bec, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02379b.htm
  The Benedictine Abbey of Bec, or Le Bec, in Normandy, was founded in the earlier part of the eleventh century by Herluin, a Norman knight who about 1031 left the court of Count Gilbert of Brionne to devote himself to a life of religion.

• Becan, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02380a.htm
  Controversialist, born at Hilvarenbeck, Brabant, Holland, 6 January, 1563; died at Vienna, 24 January, 1624.

• Beccaria, Giovanni Battista

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16009a.htm
  Physicist. (1716-1781)

• Beccus, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02380b.htm
  Patriarch of Constantinople in the second half of the thirteenth century, one of the few Greek ecclesiastics who were sincerely in favour of reunion with the Church of Rome.

• Beckedorff, George Philipp Ludolf von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02381b.htm
  Studied theology at Jena, then medicine at Göttingen, obtained the degree of doctor in 1799.

• Becker, Thomas Andrew

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02382a.htm
  Sixth Bishop of Savannah, Georgia, U.S.A.

• Beckx, Pierre-Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02382b.htm
  Twenty-second General of the Society of Jesus, born at Sichem, Belgium, 8 February, 1795; died at Rome, 4 March, 1887.

• Becquerel, Antoine-César

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02382c.htm
  French physicist, b. at Chatillon-sur-Loing (Loiret), 7 March, 1788; d. at Paris, 18 January, 1878.

• Bedard, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02383a.htm
  French-Canadian lawyer and member of the Assembly of Lower Canada, b. at Charlesbourg near Quebec, 13 November, 1762; d. at Three Rivers, 26 April 1829.

• Bede

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02383b.htm
  The old English word bede (Anglo-Saxon bed) means a prayer, though the derivative form, gebed, was more common in this sense in Anglo-Saxon literature.

• Bede, The Venerable

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02384a.htm
  Benedictine monk, priest, historian, Doctor of the Church, d. 735.

• Bedford, Gunning S.

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386a.htm
  Medical writer and teacher. (1806-1870)

• Bedford, Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386b.htm
  Writer and educator. (1816-1903)

• Bedingfeld, Frances

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386c.htm
  Superioress of the English Institute of Mary. (1616-1704)

• Bedingfeld, Henry, Sir

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02386d.htm
  Knight; b. 1509; d. 1583.

• Bedini, Cajetan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02387a.htm
  Italian Cardinal and diplomat. (1806-1864)

• Bedlam

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02387b.htm
  A London hospital originally intended for the poor suffering from any ailment and for such as might have no other lodging, hence its name, Bethlehem, in Hebrew, the "house of bread."

• Beelen, Ian Theodor

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388a.htm
  Exegete and Orientalist. (1807-1884)

• Beelphegor

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388b.htm
  The Moabite divinity who ruled over Phogor.

• Beelzebub

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02388c.htm
  Provides an Old and a New Testament definition.

• Begnudelli-Basso, Francesco Antonio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02389b.htm
  A canonist who lived at the end of the seventeenth century.

• Beguines & Beghards

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02389c.htm
  As early as the commencement of the twelfth century there were women in the Netherlands who lived alone, and without taking vows devoted themselves to prayer and good works.

• Behaim, Albert von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02391a.htm
  Known also as Albertus Bohemus.

• Behaim, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02391b.htm
  A German cartographer and navigator. (1459-1507)

• Beirut

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02392a.htm
  In Phoenicia, a titular Latin see, and the residential see of several prelates of Oriental rites.

• Beja

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02393a.htm
  Diocese in Portugal, suffragan of Evora.

• Belasyse, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394a.htm
  Born about 1614; died 1689, a loyal Catholic English nobleman, second son of Thomas first Lord Fauconberg. His mother was Barbara, daughter of Sir Henry Cholmondeley of Roxby, Yorkshire.

• Belchiam, Venerable Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394b.htm
  A Franciscan martyr in the reign of Henry VIII, date of birth uncertain; d. 3 August 1537.

• Belem do Pará, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394c.htm
  In South America, formerly (after 4 March, 1719) a suffragan diocese of Bahia (San Salvador), but raised to metropolitan rank 3 May, 1906.

• Belfry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02394d.htm
  The upper part of the tower or steeple of a church, for the reception of the bells; or a detached tower containing bells, as the campanile of the Italians.

• Belgium

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02395a.htm
  Information on the history, education, and cemeteries of the country.

• Belgrade and Smederevo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02407a.htm
  Titular (united) sees of Servia.

• Belgrado, Giacopo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02407b.htm
  Italian Jesuit and natural philosopher. (1704-1789)

• Belial

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02408a.htm
  Found frequently as a personal name in the Vulgate and various English translations of the Bible, is commonly used as a synonym of Satan, or the personification of evil.

• Belief

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02408b.htm
  That state of the mind by which it assents to propositions, not by reason of their intrinsic evidence, but because of authority.

• Belin, Albert (Jean)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02410a.htm
  French prelate and writer, b. in Besançon early in the seventeenth century; d. 29 April, 1677.

• Bell, Arthur, Venerable

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02410b.htm
  Friar Minor and English martyr. (1590-1643)

• Bellamy, Jerome

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02411b.htm
  A sympathizer with Mary Queen of Scots.

• Bellarini, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02411c.htm
  Barnabite theologian, b. at Castelnuovo, Italy, in 1552; d. at Milan, 27 August, 1630.

• Bellasius, Edward

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02413a.htm
  Serjeant-at-Law, b. 14 October, 1800; d. 24 January, 1873.

• Bellecius, Aloysius

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02414a.htm
  Jesuit ascetic author, born at Freiburg im Breisgau, 15 February, 1704; died at Augsburg, 27 April, 1757.

• Bellenden, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02414b.htm
  A Scotch poet, b. at Haddington or Berwick in the latter part of the fifteenth century; d. at Rome, c. 1587.

• Belleville

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02414c.htm
  Diocese comprising part of southern Illinois.

• Belley

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02415a.htm
  Coextensive with the civil department of Ain and a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Besançon.

• Bellings, Sir Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02416a.htm
  Irish historian, b. near Dublin early in the seventeenth century; d. in 1677.

• Bellini

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02416b.htm
  Giacomo (Jacopo) Bellini, father of Gentile and Giovanni Bellini. Teacher of his sons who were the chief founders of the Venetian school of painting.

• Belloy, Jean-Baptiste de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02418a.htm
  Cardinal-Archbishop of Paris. (1709-1808)

• Bells

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02418b.htm
  Article covers origin, benediction, uses, archaeology and inscriptions, and points of law.

• Belluno-Feltre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02424a.htm
  Anciently called Bellunum, the metropolis of the province of that name in Venetia, Italy, is situated on a hill between the torrent of Ardo and the River Piave.

• Belmont, François Vachon de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425a.htm
  Fifth superior of the Sulpicians at Montreal, b. at Grenoble, France, 1645; d. 1732.

• Belsunce de Castelmoron, Henri François Xavier de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425c.htm
  Bishop of Marseilles. (1671-1755)

• Belzoni, Giambattista

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425d.htm
  An Egyptian explorer, b. at Padua, Italy, in 1778. d. Gato, Africa, 3 Dec., 1823.

• Bembo, Pietro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02425e.htm
  Italian scholar and Cardinal, b. of a noble family at Venice, 20 May, 1470; d. at Rome, 18 January, 1547.

• Benadir

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02426a.htm
  Prefecture Apostolic in Africa.

• Benard, Laurent

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02426b.htm
  Chief founder of the Maurist Congregation of the Benedictine Order, b. at Nevers, 1573; d. at Paris, 1620.

• Benavides, Fray Alonzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427a.htm
  Archbishop of Goa in the Portuguese Indies.

• Benda

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427b.htm
  A titular see of Albania.

• Benedict Biscop, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02441b.htm
  Anglo-Saxon, monastic founder, d. 690.

• Benedict I, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427c.htm
  A Roman and the son of Boniface, and was called Bonosus by the Greeks.

• Benedict II, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427d.htm
  A Roman, he was pope for a little less than eleven months, and died in 685. Account of his pontificate.

• Benedict III, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02427e.htm
  Date of birth unknown; d. 17 April, 858.

• Benedict IV, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428a.htm
  A Roman and the son of Mammalus, became pope in the first half of 900.

• Benedict IX, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429a.htm
  The nephew of his two immediate predecessors.

• Benedict Joseph Labre, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02442a.htm
  Frenchman, longed to be a monk but spent the last thirteen years of his life as a pilgrim. He died in 1783.

• Benedict Levita

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02466a.htm
  Benedict Levita (of Mainz), or Benedict the Deacon, is the name given to himself by the author of a forged collection of capitularies which appeared in the ninth century.

• Benedict of Aniane, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02467a.htm
  St. Benedict was a Goth, served in the Frankish court, then became a Benedictine monk. His monastery of Aniane was the model for monastic reform in France and the Empire. He died in 821.

• Benedict of Nursia, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02467b.htm
  Long article on the founder of Western monasticism, and on his Rule.

• Benedict of Peterborough

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02472a.htm
  Abbot and writer, place and date of birth unknown; d. 1193.

• Benedict of San Philadelphio, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02472b.htm
  Also known as Benedict the Moor. Born in Italy to Christian slaves from Ethiopia, St. Benedict joined an association of hermits, and when that was dissolved, became a Franciscan Recollect.

• Benedict V, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428b.htm
  Date of birth unknown; died 4 July, 965.

• Benedict VI, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428c.htm
  Benedict, Cardinal-Deacon of St. Theodore, a Roman and the son of Hildebrand, was elected as the successor of John XIII.

• Benedict VII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428d.htm
  Date of birth unknown; d. c. October, 983.

• Benedict VIII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02428e.htm
  The first of the Tusculan popes. Date of birth unknown; d. 9 April, 1024.

• Benedict X

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429b.htm
  The bearer of this name was an antipope in the days of Nicholas II, 1056-61.

• Benedict XI, Pope Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02429c.htm
  Elected unanimously, author of Scriptural commentaries, d. 1304.

• Benedict XII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02430a.htm
  Third of the Avignon popes. (1334-1342)

• Benedict XIII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02431a.htm
  Reigned 1724-1730.

• Benedict XIV, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02432a.htm
  Reigned 1740-58.

• Benedict, Rule of Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02436a.htm
  Lengthy article on the text of the Rule and its composition, some analysis, and practical application.

• Benedictbeurn, Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02441a.htm
  Tradition, as well as manuscripts dating as far back as the tenth century, ascribe its foundation in the year 740, to three brothers of noble birth, named Lanfrid, Wulfram, and Eliland, acting under the influence of St. Boniface, who was then preaching the Faith in Bavaria.

• Benedicti, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02441c.htm
  A Franciscan theologian of the sixteenth century belonging to the Observantine Province of Tours and Poitiers.

• Benedictine Order

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02443a.htm
  Comprises monks living under the Rule of St. Benedict, and commonly known as "black monks".

• Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02465b.htm
  Description of the basics of this popular devotion. Benediction is unusual in that it is a devotional practice partly governed by liturgical law.

• Benedictional

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02465a.htm
  A book containing a collection of benedictions or blessings in use in the Church.

• Benedictus Polonus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02473b.htm
  A medieval Friar Minor missionary and traveller. (c. 1245)

• Benedictus, The (Canticle of Zachary)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02473a.htm
  One of the three great canticles in the opening chapters of this Gospel, the other two being the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis.

• Benefice

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02473c.htm
  Popularly the term is often understood to denote either certain property destined for the support of ministers of religion, or a spiritual office or function, such as the care of souls.

• Benefit of Clergy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02476a.htm
  The exemption from the jurisdiction of the secular courts, which in England, in the Middle Ages, was accorded to clergymen.

• Benettis, Jeremiah

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02477a.htm
  Friar Minor Capuchin and historical writer, d. in 1774.

• Benevento, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02477b.htm
  The principal city of the province of the same name in Campania.

• Bengtsson, Jöns Oxenstjerna

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02478a.htm
  Archbishop of Upsala, Sweden, b. 1417; d. in 1467.

• Bengy, Anatole de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02479a.htm
  A martyr of the French Commune. (1824-1871)

• Benignus of Dijon, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02479c.htm
  Third-century martyr.

• Benignus, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02479b.htm
  Known as "Patrick's psalm-singer," Irish missionary, musician, bishop, legislator, d. 467.

• Benin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02480a.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic on the coast of Benin.

• Benjamin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02480b.htm
  The youngest son of Jacob born of Rachel.

• Benkert, Franz Georg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02481a.htm
  German theologian and historical writer. (1790-1859)

• Benno II

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02481c.htm
  Bishop of Osnabrück.

• Benoît, Michel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02482a.htm
  Born at Autun (or Dijon), France, 8 October, 1715; died at Peking, 23 October, 1774, a Jesuit scientist, for thirty years in the service of Kien Lung, Emperor of China.

• Benthamism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02482b.htm
  Article on Jeremy Bentham, English jurist and reformer. Features biographical information and a short bibliography.

• Bentivoglio, Family of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02483a.htm
  Originally from the castle of that name in the neighbourhood of Bologna, Italy. They claimed descent from Enzio (c. 1224-72), King of Sardinia, a natural son of Frederick II.

• Bentley, John Francis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02483b.htm
  English architect. (1839-1902)

• Bentney, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02484a.htm
  An English Jesuit priest born in Cheshire, 1609; died 30 October, 1692.

• Benziger, Joseph Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02484b.htm
  Founder of the Catholic publishing house that bears his name. (1762-1841)

• Benzoni, Girolamo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02484c.htm
  Writer, born at Milan about 1519.

• Berach, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02485a.htm
  A disciple of St. Kevin. Abbot of Cluain Coirpthe, now called Kilbarry or Termonbarry in the saint's honor. St. Berach died in 595.

• Berard of Carbio, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02485b.htm
  Franciscan martyr, d. 1220.

• Berardi, Carbo Sebastiano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02485c.htm
  Canonist. (1719-1768)

• Berault-Bercastel, Antoine Henri de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486a.htm
  A writer of church history, b. 22 November, 1720, at Briey, Lorraine; d. about 1794 at Noyon, France.

• Bercharius, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486b.htm
  Abbot of Hautvillers, founder, stabbed to death by one of his monks in 696.

• Bercheure, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486c.htm
  French Benedictine. (1290-1362)

• Berchtold, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02486d.htm
  Abbot of the Benedictine Monastery of Engelberg in Switzerland, died 1197.

• Berengarius of Tours

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02487a.htm
  Born at Tours about 999; died on the island of St. Cosme, near that city, in 1088.

• Berenger, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02489a.htm
  A French writer who flourished about the middle of the twelfth century.

• Berenice

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02489b.htm
  A titular see of Egypt which was situated at the end of Major Syrtis where Bengazi stands today.

• Bergamo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02489c.htm
  The city, called by the ancients Bergonum, is capital of the province of that name in Lombardy.

• Bergen, Ancient See of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16009b.htm
  The diocese included the Provinces of Nordre and Sondre Bergenhus, and the district of Sondmor in the Province of Romsdal.

• Bergier, Nicolas-Sylvestre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02490a.htm
  French theologian. (1715-1790)

• Berington, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02490b.htm
  Titular Bishop of Hiero-Caesarea, b. at Stock, Essex, England, 1748; d. 8 June, 1798.

• Berington, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02491a.htm
  Catholic writer. (1743-1827)

• Berisford, Humphrey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02491b.htm
  Confessor c. 1588.

• Berissa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02491c.htm
  A titular see of Pontus Polemoniacus, in Asia Minor.

• Beristain y Martin de Souza, José Mariano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02492a.htm
  Mexican bibliographer, b. in Puebla, Mexico, 22 May, 1756; d. at Mexico, 23 March, 1817.

• Berlage, Anton

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02492b.htm
  Dogmatic theologian. (1805-1881)

• Berland, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02492c.htm
  Archbishop of Bordeaux. (1375-1457)

• Berlanga, Fray Tomás de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02493a.htm
  Bishop of Panama, b. at Berlanga in Spain, date uncertain; d. there 8 August, 1551.

• Berlin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02493b.htm
  Capital of the German Empire and of the Kingdom of Prussia.

• Berlioz, Hector

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02495a.htm
  French composer. (1803-1869)

• Bernal, Agostino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02495b.htm
  Spanish theologian. (1587-1642)

• Bernard Guidonis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02497b.htm
  Bishop and Inquisitor. (1261-1331)

• Bernard of Besse

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498a.htm
  Friar Minor and chronicler, a native of Aquitaine, date of birth uncertain.

• Bernard of Bologna

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498b.htm
  Friar Minor Capuchin and Scotist theologian, born at Bologna, 17 December, 1701; died 19 February, 1768.

• Bernard of Botone

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498c.htm
  Generally called Parmensis from his birthplace, Parma in Italy, a noted canonist of the thirteenth century.

• Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02498d.htm
  Article on the life and works of this twelfth-century Cistercian and Doctor of the Church.

• Bernard of Cluny

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02501a.htm
  A Benedictine monk of the first half of the twelfth century, poet, satirist, and hymn-writer, author of "On the Contempt of the World".

• Bernard of Compostella

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02502a.htm
  A canonist of the early thirteenth century.

• Bernard of Luxemburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02503a.htm
  Dominican theologian, controversialist, and Inquisitor. (d. 1535)

• Bernard of Menthon, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02503b.htm
  Archdeacon of Aosta, preacher, founder of two hospices for travelers in dangerous Alpine passes (now named the Great St. Bernard and Little St. Bernard, after him), d. 1008.

• Bernard of Pavia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02504a.htm
  Canonist and bishop. (d. 1213)

• Bernard Tolomeo, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02504b.htm
  Italian hermit, monastic founder, d. 1348.

• Bernard, Alexis-Xyste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02496b.htm
  Bishop of St. Hyacinth.

• Bernard, Claude

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02497a.htm
  French physiologist. (1813-1878)

• Bernard, Claude

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02496c.htm
  French ecclesiastic. (1588-1641)

• Bernard, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02496a.htm
  Soldier, monk, abbot, Archbishop of Vienne, d. 842.

• Bernardine of Feltre, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02504c.htm
  Italian Franciscan missionary, died 1494. Of little note as an author. Best remembered for his monti di pietà, a type of charitable lender similar to pawnbrokers.

• Bernardine of Fossa, Blessed

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02505a.htm
  Italian Franciscan, missionary, historian, biographer, d. 1503.

• Bernardine of Siena, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02505b.htm
  Biography of the Franciscan missionary, reformer, popular preacher, peacemaker, called "the Apostle of Italy," who died in 1380.

• Bernardines, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02507a.htm
  Title of certain sisters of the order of Cîteaux who at the end of the sixteenth and in the seventeenth century, made energetic efforts to restore the primitive observance of their rule.

• Berne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02507b.htm
  Article provides religious and historic information.

• Berni, Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02509a.htm
  An Italian comic poet, b. at Lamporecchio (Florence) 1497 or 1498; d. at Florence, 26 May, 1535.

• Bernier, Etienne-Alexandre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02509b.htm
  French Bishop. (1762-1806)

• Bernini, Domenico

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02510a.htm
  Son of Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini.

• Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02510b.htm
  Italian architect and sculptor. (1598-1680)

• Bernini, Giuseppe Maria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02511a.htm
  A Capuchin missionary and Orientalist, b. near Carignan in Piedmont; d. in Hindustan in 1753.

• Bernis, François-Joachim-Pierre de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02511b.htm
  A French cardinal and statesman, b. 1715 at Saint-Marcel-d'Ardèche; d. at Rome, 1794.

• Berno

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02512b.htm
  Apostle of the Obotrites, in the latter half of the twelfth century.

• Berno (Abbot of Reichenau)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02512a.htm
  Famous as orator, poet, philosopher, and musician, born (date unknown) at Prum near Trier; d. 7 June, 1048.

• Bernold of Constance

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02512c.htm
  Historian and theologian, b. in Swabia about 1054; d. at Schaffhausen, 16 September, 1100.

• Bernward, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02513a.htm
  Bishop of Hildesheim, d. 1022.

• Beroea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02513b.htm
  A titular see of Macedonia, at the foot of Mount Bermios.

• Berosus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02514a.htm
  The name of a native historian of Babylonia and a priest of the great god Bel (Bel-Marduk).

• Beroth

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02515a.htm
  A city in Chanaan, one of the confederation of cities under the headship of Gabaon.

• Berrettini, Pietro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02516a.htm
  Italian painter, architect, and writer, b. at Cortona, in Tuscany, 1 November, 1596; d. at Rome, 16 May, 1669.

• Berruguete, Alonso

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02516b.htm
  For his mastery of the arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture, sometimes called the Spanish Michelangelo, b. at Paredes de Nava, in Castile, about 1480; d. at Toledo, 1561.

• Berruyer, Isaac-Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02516c.htm
  Entered the Society of Jesus in 1697. Wrote "A History of the People of God," published in three parts.

• Berryer, Pierre-Antoine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02517a.htm
  French advocate, orator, and statesman. (1790-1868)

• Bersabee

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02518a.htm
  A town on the southern extremity of Palestine.

• Bertha

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02519a.htm
  Brief biographies of five holy women of this name: two saints; two beatae; and one Bertha who is commonly called a saint but there is no evidence of a cultus surrounding her.

• Berthier, Guillaume-François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02519b.htm
  A Jesuit professor and writer, born at Issoudun, 1704; died at Bourges, 1782.

• Berthold

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02519c.htm
  Bishop, Apostle of the Livonians, killed 24 July, 1198, in a crusade against the pagan Livonians who threatened destruction to all Christians that lived in their territory.

• Berthold of Chiemsee

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02520a.htm
  German bishop and theological writer. (1465-1543)

• Berthold of Henneberg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02520b.htm
  Archbishop and Elector of Mainz, b. 1441; d. 21 December, 1504.

• Berthold of Ratisbon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02521a.htm
  Franciscan of the monastery of that city and the most powerful preacher of repentance in the thirteenth century, b. about 1210; d. at Ratisbon, 14 December, 1272.

• Berthold of Reichenau

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02521b.htm
  Benedictine monk and chronicler of the Abbey of Reichenau on the Lake of Constance; d. probably in 1088.

• Berti, Giovanni Lorenzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02522a.htm
  Italian theologian, b. 28 May, 1696, at Sarravezza, Tuscany; d. 26 March, 1766, at Pisa.

• Bertin, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02522b.htm
  Monk living under the Rule of St. Columban, missionary to the Morini, monastic founder, abbot of St. Omer, d. about 709.

• Bertinoro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02522c.htm
  Anciently called Forum Truentinorum, and, at the time of the Gothic war, Petra Honorii, whence the present name, is a small city in Romagna, province of Forli, Italy.

• Bertonio, Ludovico

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02523a.htm
  Italian missionary. (1552-1625)

• Bertrand, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02523b.htm
  Article covers a French Cardinal, theologian, and canonist, b. 1280 at Annonay in Vivarais, and a French cardinal, nephew of the foregoing, whose name he adopted, b. in 1279, at Colombier in Vivarais.

• Bertulf, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02524a.htm
  Converted to Christianity from paganism, entered the monastery of Luxeuil under the Rule of St. Columban, became abbot of Bobbio, was staunchly anti-Arian, d. 639 or 640.

• Berulle, Pierre de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02524b.htm
  Cardinal, and founder of the French congregation of the Oratory. (1575-1629)

• Bervanger, Martin de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02525a.htm
  A French priest, founder of charitable institutions. (1795-1865)

• Besançon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02525b.htm
  Archdiocese coextensive with the departments of Doubs, Haute-Saône, and the district of Belfort.

• Besange, Jerome Lamy, O.S.B

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526a.htm
  Born at Linz, 1726; died 1781.

• Beschefer, Theodore

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526b.htm
  Jesuit missionary in Canada. (1630-1711)

• Beschi, Costanzo Giuseppe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526c.htm
  Though primarily a missionary, better know as one of the classical writers of Tamil literature. (1680-1746)

• Beseleel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526d.htm
  Describes two people known by this name.

• Besoigne, Jérôme

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02526e.htm
  A Jansenist writer, b. at Paris, 1686; d. 1763.

• Besoldus, Christopher

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02527a.htm
  A German jurist and publicist. (1577-1638)

• Bessarion, Johannes

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02527b.htm
  Article on this 15th-century Byzantine scholar, by U. Benigni.

• Bessel, Johann Franz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02528a.htm
  Benedictine, abbot, and historian. (1672-1749)

• Beste, Henry Digby

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02529a.htm
  Miscellaneous author. (1768-1836)

• Bestiaries

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02529b.htm
  Medieval books on animals, in which the real or fabulous characteristics of actually existent or imaginary animals (such as the griffin, dragon, siren, unicorn, etc.) were figuratively treated as religious symbols of Christ, the devil, the virtues and vices.

• Betanzos, Fray Domingo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02530a.htm
  A Dominican missionary, d. at Valladolid, Sept., 1549.

• Betanzos, Fray Pedro de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02530b.htm
  A Franciscan missionary, b. at Betanzos in Galicia; d. at Chomez, Nicaragua, 1570.

• Betanzos, Juan de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02530c.htm
  Composed the first catechism known in the Quichua language.

• Bethany

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02531a.htm
  A village of Palestine.

• Bethany Beyond the Jordan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532a.htm
  In the text of St. John's Gospel, i, 28, the author locates the event of Our Lord's baptism by St. John the Baptist at Bethany across the Jordan and there is herein a celebrated variant.

• Betharan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532b.htm
  A city of the Amorrhites in the valley-plain east of the Jordan.

• Bethdagon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532c.htm
  Name of two cities in Palestine.

• Bethel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532d.htm
  An ancient Cansanitish town.

• Bethlehem

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02533a.htm
  Birthplace of Jesus.

• Bethlehem

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02532e.htm
  Titular see of Palestine.

• Bethlehem

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02534a.htm
  An architectural term used in the Ethiopic Church for the oven or bakehouse for baking the Korban or Eucharistic bread.

• Bethlehemites

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02534b.htm
  Military and hospitaller orders.

• Bethsaida

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02536a.htm
  Details the city, pool, and titular see of this name.

• Bethsan

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02537a.htm
  A city within Issachar, but assigned to Manasses, later Scythopolis, now the village Beisan.

• Bethulia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02537b.htm
  The city whose deliverance by Judith, when besieged by Holofernes, forms the subject of the Book of Judith.

• Betrothal

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02537c.htm
  In the Catholic Church, a deliberate and free, mutual, true promise, externally expressed, of future marriage between determinate and fit persons.

• Bettiah

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02538a.htm
  Prefecture Apostolic in northern India.

• Betting

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02539a.htm
  Defined as the backing of an affirmation or forecast by offering to forfeit, in case of an adverse issue, a sum of money or article of value to one who, by accepting, maintains the opposite and backs his opinion by a corresponding stipulation.

• Beugnot, Auguste-Arthur, Count

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02539b.htm
  French historian and statesman. (1797-1865)

• Beuno, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540a.htm
  Welsh, said to have been educated at Bangor and, after ordination, to have become a missionary. Abbot of Clynnog, and uncle of St. Winifred. Died perhaps in 660.

• Beverley Minster

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540b.htm
  A collegiate church at Beverley, capital of the East Riding of Yorkshire, served by a chapter of secular canons until the Reformation.

• Beyerlinck, Lawrence

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540c.htm
  Belgian theologian and ecclesiastical writer. (1578-1627)

• Bianchi, Giovanni Antonio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02540d.htm
  Friar Minor and theologian. (1686-1768)

• Bianchini, Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541a.htm
  A student of the natural sciences, and historian. (1662-1729)

• Bianchini, Giuseppe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541b.htm
  Italian Oratorian, Biblical, historical, and liturgical scholar. (1704-1764)

• Bianconi, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541c.htm
  Merchant and philanthropist. (1785-1875)

• Biard, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02541d.htm
  Jesuit missionary, born at Grenoble, France, 1576; died at Avignon, 17 November, 1622.

• Bibbiena

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02542a.htm
  Bernardo Dovizi, an Italian Cardinal and comedy-writer, known best by the name of the town Bibbiena, where he was born 4 Aug., 1470; d. at Rome, 9 Nov., 1520.

• Bibiana, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02542b.htm
  Female Roman martyr, d. 483 at the latest. Also called Vibiana.

• Bible Societies

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02544a.htm
  Established for the purpose of publishing and propagating the Bible in all parts of the world.

• Bible, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02543a.htm
  A collection of writings recognized as inspired.

• Bibles, Picture

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02546a.htm
  In the Middle Ages the Church made use of pictures as a means of instruction, to supplement the knowledge acquired by reading or oral teaching.

• Biblia Pauperum

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02547a.htm
  A collection of pictures representing scenes from Jesus' life with the corresponding prophetic types.

• Biblical Antiquities

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02548a.htm
  Details domestic, political, and sacred antiquities.

• Biblical Commission, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02557a.htm
  A committee of cardinals at Rome who, with the assistance of consultors, have to secure the observance of the prescriptions contained in the Encyclical "Providentissimus Deus" for the proper interpretation and defence of Sacred Scripture.

• Bickell, Gustav

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16010a.htm
  Orientalist. (1838-1906)

• Bicknor, Alexander

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02558b.htm
  Archbishop of Dublin, date of birth unknown; d. 1349.

• Bidermann, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02558c.htm
  Poet and theologian. (1578-1639)

• Biel, Gabriel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02559a.htm
  Lengthy article on the last of the Scholastics. Biel, the first professor of theology at Tübingen, was a nominalist. He died in 1495.

• Biella

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02559b.htm
  The city of Biella, the see of the diocese of that name, is an important industrial centre (anciently called Bugelia) of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Novara.

• Bielski, Marcin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02560a.htm
  Polish chronicler. (1495-1575)

• Bienville, Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02560b.htm
  French Governor of Louisiana and founder of New Orleans. (1680-1767)

• Bigamy (in Canon Law)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02561a.htm
  Canonically viewed, bigamy denotes (a) the condition of a man married to two real or interpretative wives in succession, and as a consequence (b) his unfitness to receive, or exercise after reception, tonsure, minor and sacred orders.

• Bigamy (in Civil Law)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02564a.htm
  In civil jurisprudence, and especially in criminal law, is a "formal entering into of a marriage while a former one remains un-dissolved".

• Bigne, Marguerin de la

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02566a.htm
  French theologian and patrologist, b. about 1546 at Bernières-le-Patry, Normandy; d. about 1595.

• Billick, Eberhard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02566b.htm
  German theologian, opponent of the Reformation, born 1499 or 1500 at Cologne; died there 12 January, 1557.

• Billy, Jacques de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02567b.htm
  French patristic scholar, theologian, jurist, linguist, and a Benedictine abbot. (1535-1581)

• Bilocation

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02568a.htm
  Latin bis, twice, and locatio, place.

• Bination

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02568b.htm
  The offering up of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass twice on the same day by the same celebrant.

• Biner, Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02569a.htm
  Canonist, historian, and theologian. (1697-1766)

• Binet, Etienne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02569b.htm
  Jesuit author, born at Dijon, France, 1569; died at Paris, 1639.

• Binet, Jacques-Philippe-Marie

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02570a.htm
  French mathematician and astronomer. (1786-1856)

• Binius, Severin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02570b.htm
  Historian and critic. (1573-1641)

• Binterim, Anton Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02570c.htm
  A theologian of repute and for fifty years parish priest of Bilk. (1779-1855)

• Biogenesis and Abiogenesis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02571a.htm
  According to their Greek derivation these two terms refer to the origin of life.

• Biology

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02572a.htm
  The science on life and living organisms.

• Biondo, Flavio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02575a.htm
  Italian archæologist and historian. (1388-1463)

• Biot, Jean-Baptiste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02576a.htm
  Physicist and mathematician. (1774-1862)

• Birds (in Symbolism)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02576b.htm
  The dove, eagle, pelican, phoenix, and peacock are included.

• Biretta

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02577a.htm
  A square cap with three ridges or peaks on its upper surface, worn by clerics of all grades from cardinals downwards.

• Birinus (Berin), Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02578a.htm
  Confessor, first Bishop of Dorchester, Apostle of Wessex, d. 650.

• Birkowski, Fabian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02578b.htm
  Polish preacher, b. at Lemberg, 1566; d. at Cracow, 1636.

• Birmingham

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02578c.htm
  One of the thirteen dioceses erected by the Apostolic Letter of Pius IX, 27 September, 1850, which restored a hierarchy to the Catholic church in England.

• Birnbaum, Heinrich

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02579a.htm
  Carthusian monk, b. in 1403; d. 19 February, 1473.

• Birth, The Defect of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02579b.htm
  Illegitimacy, a canonical impediment to ordination.

• Birtha

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02580a.htm
  A titular see of Osrhaene.

• Bisarchio, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581a.htm
  Situated in Sardinia, in the province of Sassari, district of Nuoro, and suffragan to the Archdiocese of Sassari.

• Bishop

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02581b.htm
  The title of an ecclesiastical dignitary who possesses the fullness of the priesthood to rule a diocese as its chief pastor, in due submission to the primacy of the pope.

• Bishop, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02589a.htm
  The first superior in England in episcopal orders since the old hierarchy died out in the reign of Elizabeth, born c. 1553 at Brailes in Warwickshire, where his family continued to reside until recent times; d. 16 April, 1624.

• Bismarck, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16010b.htm
  In North Dakota, this diocese was erected on 31 December, 1909, and is suffragan to the Archdiocese of St. Paul, Minnesota.

• Bisomus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590a.htm
  A tomb large enough to contain two bodies.

• Black Fast, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590c.htm
  This form of fasting, the most rigorous in the history of church legislation, was marked by austerity regarding the quantity and quality of food permitted on fasting days as well as the time wherein such food might be legitimately taken.

• Blackburne, Robert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590b.htm
  An English Catholic who suffered imprisonment in the closing years of the seventeenth, and during the earlier half of the eighteenth, centuries; died in 1748.

• Blackfoot Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590d.htm
  An important tribe of the Northern Plains, constituting the westernmost extension of the great Algonquian stock.

• Blackwood, Adam

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02591a.htm
  Author, b. at Dunfermline, Scotland, 1539; d. 1613.

• Blaise, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02592a.htm
  Bishop of Sebaste, martyr, d. about 316.

• Blanc, Anthony

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02592b.htm
  Fifth Bishop, and first Archbishop, of New Orleans, La., U.S.A. (1792-1860)

• Blanchard, Jean-Baptiste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02592c.htm
  French Jesuit and educator. (1731-1797)

• Blanchet, Augustin Magloire

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02593b.htm
  Brother of François Norbert Blanchet, first Bishop of Walla Walla-Nesqually, State of Washington, U.S.A. (1797-1887)

• Blanchet, Franç Norbert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02593a.htm
  Missionary and first Archbishop of Oregon City, U.S.A. (1795-1883)

• Blandina, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02594a.htm
  Virgin and martyr, d. at Lyons in 177.

• Blane, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02594b.htm
  Nephew of St. Cathan. Blane studied in Ireland under SS. Comgall and Kenneth, became a monk, went to Scotland, became a bishop of the Picts, died 590.

• Blasphemy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02595a.htm
  Signifies etymologically gross irreverence towards any person or thing worthy of exalted esteem.

• Blastares, Matthew

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02596a.htm
  A monk of the Order of St. Basil, living in the fourteenth century, who applied himself to the study of theology and canon law.

• Blathmac, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02596b.htm
  Irish monk, martyred at Iona in about 835. In Latinized form, he is sometimes called Florentius. His life was written in Latin hexameter by Strabo.

• Blemmida, Nicephorus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02596c.htm
  A learned monk and writer of the Green Church, b. about 1198, at Constantinople; d. 1272.

• Blenkinsop

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02597a.htm
  Details of four people with this name.

• Blessed Sacrament, Sisters of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02599a.htm
  Founded in 1889 by Katharine Drexel.

• Blessed, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02597b.htm
  Beatification is a permission for public worship restricted to certain places and to certain acts.

• Blessing

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02599b.htm
  Aspects discussed are, I. Antiquity; II. Minister; III. Objects; IV. Efficacy; and V. Rite employed in administering.

• Blessing, Apostolic

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02602a.htm
  The popes very often delegated to others the power to give this blessing in answer to petitions from princes, at the close of missions, and on such occasions.

• Blois

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02602b.htm
  Coextensive with the civil department of Loir-et-Cher and a suffragan of Paris.

• Blomevenna, Peter

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02602c.htm
  Carthusian, b. at Leyden, in Holland in 1466; d. 30 September, 1536.

• Blood Indians

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02603a.htm
  A group of North American aborigines forming part of the Blackfeet Tribe, which, with the Apapahoes and Cheyennes, constitute the Western division of the Algonquin family.

• Blosius, François-Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02604a.htm
  A Benedictine abbot and spiritual writer, born at Donstienne, near Liège, Flanders, 1506; died at Liessies, 1566.

• Blyssen, Heinrich

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02604b.htm
  Principal work, "De uno geminoque sacrae eucharistiae synaxeos salubriter percipiendae ritu ac usu" was published (Ingolstadt, 1585) when he was provincial of Austria.

• Blyth, Francis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02604c.htm
  English Carmelite, reviser of the Douay Bible, born c. 1705; d. in London, 11 December 1772.

• Bobadilla, Nicolaus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02605a.htm
  The last survivor of the seven first companions of Ignatius of Loyola. (1511-1590)

• Bobbio, Abbey and Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02605b.htm
  Suffragan to the Archiepiscopal See of Genoa.

• Boccaccino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02606a.htm
  Italian painter, b. at Cremona, 1460, and d. probably in 1525 rather than in 1518, the date usually given.

• Boccaccio, Giovanni

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02607a.htm
  Biography and overview of the author's major works.

• Bocking, Edward

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02608b.htm
  English Benedictine, b. of East Anglian parentage, end of fifteenth century; d. 20 April, 1534.

• Bodin, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02609a.htm
  Article by Georges Goyau. Notes the philosopher's relation to the political and religious order of his time.

• Bodone

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02609b.htm
  A titular see of Albania.

• Boece, Hector

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02609c.htm
  Chronicler and one of the founders of the University of Aberdeen, b. at Dundee c. 1465; d. 1536.

• Boecken, Placidus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02608a.htm
  A German Benedictine, canonist, and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salzburg. (1690-1752)

• Boerglum, Ancient See of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16011b.htm
  In Denmark, included the ancient districts of Vendsyssel and Thy.

• Boeri, Petrus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02610a.htm
  A french benedictine canonist and bishop, b. during the first quarter of the fourteenth century at Laredorte.

• Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02610b.htm
  Article with a focus on Boethius as a theologian.

• Bogotá

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02612a.htm
  Capital of the republic of Colombia.

• Bohemia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02612b.htm
  Crown province of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which until 1526 was an independent kingdom.

• Bohemian Brethren

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02616a.htm
  "Bohemian Brethren" and "Moravian Brethren" are the current popular designation of the Unitas Fratrum founded in Bohemia in 1457, renewed by Count Zinzendorf in 1722.

• Bohemians of the United States

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02620a.htm
  Religious dissensions at the beginning of the seventeenth century induced many to leave their native country and cross the ocean.

• Boiano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02622a.htm
  Diocese in the province of Benevento, Italy, suffragan to the Archbishopric of Benevento.

• Boiardo, Matteo Maria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02622b.htm
  An Italian poet, b. about 1434, at, or near, Scandiano (Reggio-Emilia); d. at Reggio, 20 December, 1494.

• Boileau-Despréaux, Nicholas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02623a.htm
  French poet. (1636-1711)

• Bois-le-Duc

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02625b.htm
  Diocese lies within the Dutch province of Brabant, and is suffragan to Utrecht.

• Boise

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02623b.htm
  Diocese created by Leo XIII, 25 August, 1893.

• Boisgelin, Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02624a.htm
  French prelate and cardinal. (1732-1804)

• Boisil, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02625a.htm
  Abbot of Melrose, renowned for prophetic gifts, taught St. Cuthbert. St. Boisil died in 664.

• Bokenham, Osbern

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02625c.htm
  English Augustinian friar and poet, b. 1393, d. probably in 1447.

• Bolanden, Conrad von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02626a.htm
  A German novelist, son of a rich merchant, b. 9 August, 1828, at Niedergeilbach, a village of the Palatinate.

• Bolgeni, Giovanni Vincenzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02626b.htm
  Theologian and controversialist. (1733-1811)

• Bolivia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02627a.htm
  Includes history, geography, education, church, and government information.

• Bollandists, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02630a.htm
  An association of ecclesiastical scholars engaged in editing the Acta Sanctorum.

• Bollig, Johann

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02639a.htm
  Orientalist, born near Düren in Rhenish Prusia 23 August, 1821; died at Rome in 1895.

• Bologna

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02639b.htm
  The principal city in the province of the same name, Italy.

• Bologna, Giovanni da

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02641a.htm
  Flemish Renaissance sculptor, b. at Douai, in Flanders, about 1524; d. at Florence in 1608.

• Bologna, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02641b.htm
  A tradition of the thirteenth century attributed the foundation of this university to Theodosius II (433); but this legend is now generally rejected.

• Bolsec, Jérôme-Hermès

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02643a.htm
  A theologian and physician, b. probably at Paris, date unknown; d. at Lyons c. 1584.

• Bolton, Edmund

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02643b.htm
  Historian, antiquary, and poet, born c. 1575; died c. 1633.

• Bolzano, Bernhard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02643c.htm
  Austrian mathematician and philosopher, b. at Prague, 5 October, 1781; d. 18 December, 1848.

• Bombay

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02644a.htm
  The Archdiocese of Bombay comprises the Island of Bombay with several outlying churches in the neighbouring Island of Salsette.

• Bommel, Cornelius Richard Anton van

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02645a.htm
  Bishop of Liège, born at Leyden, in Holland on 5 April, 1790; died 7 April 1852.

• Bon Secours, Institutes of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02678a.htm
  Congregations of nursing sisters whose object is to take care of both rich and poor patients in their own homes.

• Bona Mors Confraternity, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02648a.htm
  Founded 1648, in the Church of the Gesu, by Father Vincent Carrafa, seventh General of the Society of Jesus, and approved by the Sovereign Pontiffs Innocent X and Alexander VII.

• Bona, Giovanni

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02645b.htm
  Cardinal and author. (1609-1674)

• Bonagratia of Bergamo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02646a.htm
  Friar Minor, theologian, and canonist, date of birth unknown; d. at Munich, 1343.

• Bonal, François de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02646b.htm
  Bishop of Clermont, b. 1734 at the castle of Bonal, near Agen; d. at Munich, 1800.

• Bonal, Raymond

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02646c.htm
  French theologian and founder of the Congregation of the Priests of St. Mary.

• Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicompte de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02647a.htm
  French statesman, writer, and philosopher. (1754-1840)

• Bonald, Louis-Jacques-Maurice de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02647b.htm
  Cardinal, b. at Millau, in Rouergue, 30 October, 1787, d. at Lyons, 25 Feb., 1870.

• Bonaparte, Charles-Lucien-Jules-Laurent

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02648b.htm
  Prince of Canino and Musignano, and ornithologist. (1803-1857)

• Bonaventure, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02648c.htm
  Biobibliographical essay on the Franciscan theologian and Doctor of the Church, d. 1274.

• Boncompagni, Balthasar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02654a.htm
  Italian mathematician. (1821-1894)

• Bonet, Juan Pablo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02655a.htm
  Spanish priest and one of the first to give attention to the education of the deaf and dumb, b. towards the end of the sixteenth century.

• Bonet, Nicholas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02655b.htm
  Friar Minor, theologian, and missionary, date of birth uncertain; d. 1360.

• Bonfrère, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02655c.htm
  Biblical scholar, born at Dinant, Belgium, 12 April, 1573; died at Tournai, 9 May, 1642.

• Boni Homines

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02672b.htm
  This name was popularly given to at least three religious orders in the Church.

• Boniface Association

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02671a.htm
  The object of the association is to maintain what the Catholic church possesses in those regions where Catholics are few in number, to found and support missions and schools, and to erect churches, parish-houses, and schools for Catholics in the Protestant parts of Germany.

• Boniface I, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02658a.htm
  Consecrated the same day as the antipope Eulalius. Both were ordered to leave Rome. Eulalius took over St. John Lateran on Holy Saturday, after which the emperor refused to consider his claim. Boniface died in 422.

• Boniface II, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02660a.htm
  Elected 17 September, 530; died October, 532.

• Boniface III, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02660b.htm
  Roman elected to succeed Sabinian after an interregnum of nearly a year; he was consecrated 19 February, 607; d. 12 November of the same year.

• Boniface IV, Pope Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02660c.htm
  Transformed the Pantheon into a Christian church, died in 615.

• Boniface IX, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02670a.htm
  Elected at Rome, 2 November, 1389, as successor of the Roman Pope, Urban VI; d. there, 1 October, 1404.

• Boniface of Savoy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02672a.htm
  Forty-sixth Archbishop of Canterbury and son of Thomas, Count of Savoy, date of birth uncertain; d. in Savoy, 14 July, 1270.

• Boniface V, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661a.htm
  A Neapolitan who succeeded Deusdedit after a vacancy of more than a year; consecrated 23 December, 619.

• Boniface VI, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661b.htm
  A Roman, elected in 896 by the Roman faction in a popular tumult, to succeed Formosus.

• Boniface VII, Antipope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02661c.htm
  Roman and son of Ferrucius; was intruded into the Chair of St. Peter in 974; reinstalled 984; died July, 985.

• Boniface VIII, Pope

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02662a.htm
  Born at Anagni about 1235; died at Rome, 11 October, 1303.

• Boniface, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02656a.htm
  Born Winfrid, a native of England, Benedictine monk, the Apostle of Germany, martyred in 755.

• Bonizo of Sutri

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02673a.htm
  Bishop of Sutri in Central Italy, in the eleventh century.

• Bonn, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02673b.htm
  An academy founded at Bonn in 1777 by Max Friedrich, Prince-Archbishop of Cologne.

• Bonne-Espérance, The Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02674c.htm
  Situated near Binche, province of Hainault, Diocese of Tournai, Belgium.

• Bonnechose, Henri-Marie-Gaston Boisnormand de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02674b.htm
  Cardinal and senator, b. at Paris, 1800; d. 1883.

• Bonner, Edmund

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02675a.htm
  Bishop of London, b. about 1500; d. 1569.

• Bonnetty, Augustin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02677a.htm
  French writer, b. at Entrevaux 9 May, 1798, d. at Paris, 26 March, 1879.

• Bonosus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02677b.htm
  Bishop of Sardica, a heretic in the latter part of the fourth century.

• Bonvicino, Alessandro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02678b.htm
  Italian painter of the sixteenth century, born at Brescia about 1498; died at the same place, 1555.

• Book of Common Prayer

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02678c.htm
  Includes history and contents.

• Book of Martyrs, Foxe's

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02681a.htm
  Protestant martyrology, from Wyclif to Cranmer, illustrated with woodcuts. The author was a controversialist sympathetic to John Knox.

• Bordeaux

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02682a.htm
  Archdiocese; comprises the entire department of the Gironde and was established conformably to the Concordat of 1802.

• Bordeaux, University of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02684a.htm
  Founded during the English domination, under King Henry VI, in 1441.

• Bordone, Cavaliere Paris

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02684b.htm
  Painter of the Venetian school. (1500-1570)

• Boré, Eugène

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16011a.htm
  French Orientalist. (1809-1878)

• Borgess, Caspar Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02684c.htm
  Third Bishop of Detroit, Michigan. (1824-1890)

• Borgia, Stefano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02685a.htm
  Italian cardinal, theologian, antiquarian, and historian. (1731-1804)

• Borgo San-Donnino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02686a.htm
  Diocese in the province of Parma, Italy.

• Borgo San-Sepolcro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02686b.htm
  Diocese situated in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy.

• Borgognone, Ambrogio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02685b.htm
  Italian painter and architect, b. Milan, c. 1455, d. at Milan, 1523.

• Borneo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02687a.htm
  Includes history of Dutch and British rule.

• Borras, Francisco Nicolás

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02687c.htm
  Spanish painter, born at Cocentaina, 1530; died at Gandia, 1610.

• Borromeo, Andrea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688a.htm
  An Italian missionary, born on the first half of the seventeenth century, at or near Milan; died in 1683.

• Borromeo, Federico

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688b.htm
  Cardinal and Archbishop of Milan, cousin and successor of St. Charles Borromeo. (1564-1631)

• Borromeo, Society of Saint Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688c.htm
  A German Catholic association for the encouragement and diffusion of edifying, instructive, and entertaining literature.

• Borromini, Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02688d.htm
  Architect and sculptor; born 25 September, 1599, at Bissone; died by his own hand 1 August, 1667, at Rome.

• Borrus, Christopher

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02689a.htm
  Missionary, mathematician, and astronomer. (1583-1632)

• Bosa, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02689b.htm
  In the province of Cagliari.

• Bosch, Peter van der

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02689c.htm
  Bollandist, born at Brussels, 19 October, 1686; died 14 November, 1736.

• Boscovich, Ruggiero Giuseppe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02691a.htm
  Detailed article by Adolf Muller on the Jesuit mathematician and philosopher.

• Bosio, Antonio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02693a.htm
  Known as "The Columbus of the Catacombs", b. in the island of Malta about the year 1576; d. 1629.

• Bosnia and Herzegovina

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02694a.htm
  Together, form the north-western corner of the Balkan Peninsula.

• Boso

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02697a.htm
  First Bishop of Merseburg, in the present Prussian Province of Saxony, and Apostle of the Wends, d. November, 970.

• Boso (Breakspear)

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02697b.htm
  Third English Cardinal, date of birth uncertain, d. at Rome, about 1181.

• Bossu, Jacques le

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02698a.htm
  French theologian and Doctor of the Sorbonne, born at Paris 1546; died at Rome 1626.

• Bossuet, Jacques-Bénigne

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02698b.htm
  French bishop and orator. (1627-1704)

• Boston

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02703a.htm
  Archdiocese; comprises Essex, Middlesex, Suffolk, Norfolk, and Plymouth counties in the State of Massachusetts, U.S.A.

• Bostra

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02707a.htm
  Titular see of Syria.

• Bothrys

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02708a.htm
  A titular see situated in Phoenicia.

• Botticelli, Sandro

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02708b.htm
  Florentine painter. (1447-1510)

• Botulph, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02709a.htm
  Or Botolph. Founder and abbot of Icanhoe, d. about 680.

• Boturini Benaducci, Lorenzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02710a.htm
  Native of Milan who went to Mexico in 1736 by permission of the Spanish government and remained there eight years, familiarizing himself with the Nahuatl or Mexican language.

• Boucher, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02710b.htm
  Born at Lagny, a village near Mortagne in the Perche, France, 1622, died at Boucherville, 1717.

• Bougaud, Louis-Victor-Emile

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02710c.htm
  Bishop of Laval in France. (1823-1888)

• Bougeant, Guillaume-Hyacinthe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711a.htm
  French Jesuit. (1690-1743)

• Bouhours, Dominique

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711b.htm
  French Jesuit author. (1632-1702)

• Bouillart, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711c.htm
  Benedictine monk of the Congregation of St. Maur. (1669-1726)

• Bouillon, Cardinal de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711d.htm
  French prelate and diplomat. (1643-1715)

• Bouix, Marie Dominique

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02711e.htm
  French canonists. (1808-1870)

• Boulainvilliers, Henri, Count of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02713a.htm
  One of the first French historians to write the history of the institutions or fundamental laws of the nation. (1658-1722)

• Boulanger, André de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02713b.htm
  French monk and preacher, b. at Paris in 1578; d. 27 September, 1657.

• Boulay, César-Egasse du

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02714a.htm
  French historian, b. in the beginning of the seventeenth century at Saint-Ellier; d. 16 October, 1678.

• Boulogne, Etienne-Antoine

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02714b.htm
  French bishop, b. at Avignon, 26 December 1747; d. at Troyes, 13 March, 1825.

• Bouquet, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02715a.htm
  Benedictine of the Congregation of St.-Maur. (1685-1754)

• Bouquillon, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02715b.htm
  Belgian theologian and professor of moral theology in the Catholic University of America. (1840-1902)

• Bourassé, Jean-Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02716a.htm
  Archæologist and historian. (1813-1872)

• Bourchier, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02716b.htm
  Cardinal, born 1406; died 1486.

• Bourdaloue, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02717a.htm
  French Jesuit preacher. (1632-1704)

• Bourdeilles, Hélie de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02719a.htm
  Archbishop of Tours and Cardinal, b., probably, towards 1323; d. 5 July, 1484.

• Bourdon, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02719b.htm
  First engineer-in-chief and land-surveyor in the colony of New France, and the first attorney-general of the Conseil Superieur. (1612-1668)

• Bourgade, François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02720a.htm
  French missionary and philosopher. (1806-1866)

• Bourges

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02720b.htm
  Coextensive with the departments of Cher and Indre.

• Bourget, Ignace

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02721a.htm
  First Bishop of Montreal and titular Archbishop of Martianopolis. (1799-1885)

• Bourgoing, François

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02722a.htm
  Third Superior general of the Congregation of the Oratory in France and one of the en early companions of Cardinal de BÈrulle, the founder of the French Oratorians. (1585-1662)

• Bourke, Ulick Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16011c.htm
  Irish scholar and writer. (1829-1887)

• Bourne, Gilbert

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02722b.htm
  Last Catholic Bishop of Bath and Wells, England, son of Philip Bourne of Worcestershire, date of birth unknown; d. 10 Sept., 1569.

• Bouvens, Charles de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723a.htm
  French pulpit orator, b. at Bourg in 1750; d. in 1830.

• Bouvet, Joachim

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723b.htm
  Jesuit missionary. (d. 1732)

• Bouvier, Jean-Baptiste

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02723c.htm
  Bishop of Le Mans, theologian. (1783-1854)

• Bova

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02724a.htm
  Situated in the civil province of Reggio,in Calabria, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Reggio.

• Bovino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02724b.htm
  Diocese in the province of Foggia, Italy, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Benevento.

• Bowyer, Sir George

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02724c.htm
  Baronet, English writer on jurisprudence, as well as a prominent defender of the Holy See and of Catholic interests in general. (1811-1883)

• Boy-Bishop

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02725a.htm
  The custom of electing a boy-bishop on the feast of St. Nicholas dates from very early times, and was in vogue in most Catholic countries, but chiefly in England.

• Boyce, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02725b.htm
  Novelist, lecturer, and priest, well known under the assumed name of "Paul Peppergrass". (1810-1864)

• Boycotting

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16012a.htm
  Practice named after Captain Boycott, against whom this form of ostracism had great effect.

• Boyle Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02726a.htm
  Irish Cistercian house.

• Bracken, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02726b.htm
  Poet, journalist, politician. (1843-1898)

• Bracton, Henry de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02726c.htm
  English juridical writer, born probably in King John's reign and died about four years before the close of that of Henry III.

• Bradley, Denis Mary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727a.htm
  First Bishop of Manchester, New Hampshire, U.S.A. (1846-1903)

• Bradshaigh, Edward

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727b.htm
  An English Carmelite friar known in religion as Elias à Jesu; b. in Lancashire, England, early in the seventeenth century; d. at Benfold, 25 September, 1652.

• Bradshaw, Henry

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727c.htm
  English Benedictine and poet, b. in the City of Chester, England, date unknown; d. 1513.

• Brady, William Maziere

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02727d.htm
  Ecclesiastical writer, b. in Dublin, 8 January, 1825; d. in Rome, 19 March, 1894.

• Braga, Archdiocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02728a.htm
  Situated between the rivers Este and Cavado, in the province of Minho, in the Kingdom of Portugal.

• Braga, Councils of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02729a.htm
  Offers details of several councils held here.

• Bragança-Miranda, Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02729b.htm
  Situated in the northeastern part of the Kingdom of Portugal, in the civil province of Tras-os-Montes.

• Brahminism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02730a.htm
  Religion and social system which grew out of the polytheistic nature-worship of the ancient Aryan conquerors of northern India.

• Braille, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02735a.htm
  French educator and inventorof the system of writing in raised or relief points for the blind. (1809-1852)

• Bralion, Nicolas de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02735b.htm
  French Oratorian and ecclesiastical writer, born at Chars-en-Vexin, France, c. 1600; died at Paris, 11 May 1672.

• Bramante, Donato

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02736a.htm
  Italian architect and painter, b. about 1444 at Monte Asdrualdo; d. in Rome, 11 March, 1514.

• Brancaccio

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02737a.htm
  An ancient and illustrious Neapolitan family, from which the "Brancas" of France were descended.

• Brancati di Lauria, Francesco Lorenzo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02738a.htm
  Cardinal, Minor conventual, and theologian. (1612-1693)

• Brancati, Francesco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02737b.htm
  Jesuit missionary to China. (1607-1671)

• Branch Sunday

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02738b.htm
  One of the medieval English names for Palm Sunday.

• Brandenburg

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02738c.htm
  Formerly an electoral principality, and a diocese in the heart of the present Kingdom of Prussia.

• Branly, Edouard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02740a.htm
  Nineteenth century French physicist.

• Brant, Sebastian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02741a.htm
  Short biography of the German humanist and poet.

• Brantôme, Seigneur de Bourdeille, Pierre de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02742a.htm
  French writer of memoirs, b. in 1539, or a little later; d. 15 July, 1614.

• Brasses, Memorial

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02742b.htm
  Earliest existing dated examples are of the thirteenth century.

• Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles Etienne, Abbé

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02743a.htm
  Born at Bourbourg, France, 1814; died at Nice in January, 1874.

• Brassicanus, Johann Alexander

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02744a.htm
  German humanist, born probably at Cannstatt, 1500; died at Vienna, 25 November, 1539.

• Brassicanus, Johann Ludwig

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02744b.htm
  Younger brother of Johann Alexander, went to Vienna with his brother in 1524 and likewise won distinction both as a philologist and jurist.

• Braulio, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02744c.htm
  Bishop of Saragossa, hagiographer, friend of St. Isidore of Seville. St. Braulio died in about 651.

• Braun, Placidus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02745a.htm
  Bavarian historian. (1756-1829)

• Braunschweig

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03019a.htm
  A duchy situated in the mountainous central part of Northern Germany, comprising the region of the Harz mountains.

• Bravo, Francisco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02745b.htm
  As far as known, author of the first book on medicine printed in America.

• Brazil

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02745c.htm
  Information includes history, religion, climate, education, and economy.

• Bread, Liturgical Use of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02749a.htm
  In the Christian liturgy bread is used principally as one of the elements of the Eucharistic sacrifice.

• Breast, Striking of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02751a.htm
  A liturgical act prescribed in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.

• Breda

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02752a.htm
  Diocese situated in the Dutch province of Brabant and suffragan of Utrecht.

• Bréhal, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02752b.htm
  French Dominican theologian of the convent of Evreux; died c. 1479.

• Brehon Laws, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02753a.htm
  Term for Irish native law, as administered in Ireland down to almost the middle of the seventeenth century.

• Bremen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02756a.htm
  Formerly the seat of an archdiocese situated in the north-western part of the present German Empire.

• Brenach, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02758a.htm
  Fifth-century Irish missionary to Wales and a contemporary of St. Patrick.

• Brenan, Michael John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02758b.htm
  Irish Church historian. (1780-1847)

• Brendan, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02758c.htm
  Article on St. Brendan of Ardfert and Clonfert, also known as Brendan the Voyager. Monastic founder, d. 577. About half of the article is devoted to St. Brendan's famous voyage.

• Brentano, Klemens Maria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02759a.htm
  German poet. (1778-1842)

• Brescia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02760a.htm
  The Diocese takes its name from the principal city in the province of the same name in Lombardy, between the Mella and the Naviglio.

• Breslau

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02761a.htm
  Prince-Bishopric seated at Breslau, on the River Oder in the Prussian Province of Silesia.

• Bressani, Francesco Giuseppe

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02766a.htm
  Italian missionary to the Indians. (1612-1672)

• Brethren of the Lord, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02767a.htm
  A group of persons closely connected with the Saviour appears repeatedly in the New Testament under the designation "his brethren" or "the brethren of the Lord".

• Breton, Raymond

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02768a.htm
  French missionary among the Caribbean Indians. (1609-1679)

• Breviary

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02768b.htm
  Evolution of the book, or set of books, containing the texts and rubrics of the canonical hours.

• Breviary, Aberdeen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02777a.htm
  Described as the Sarum Office in a Scottish form.

• Breviary, Reform of the Roman

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16013a.htm
  Article on the 1911-1913 revamping of the breviary so as to allow recitation of all of the Psalter each week. Feasts were also ranked according to liturgical importance, and some offices were no longer obligatory or were even suppressed.

• Brewer, Heinrich

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02778a.htm
  German historian, born at Puffendorf in Germany, 6 September, 1640; died at the same place about 1713.

• Briand, Joseph Olivier

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02778b.htm
  Seventh Bishop of Quebec, b. in 1715 at Plérin, Brittany; d. 25 June, 1794.

• Bribery

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02778c.htm
  The payment or the promise of money or other lucrative consideration to induce another, while under the obligation of acting without any view to private emolument, to act as the briber shall prescribe.

• Briçonnet

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02779a.htm
  Includes three people with this name.

• Bridaine, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02780a.htm
  Preacher, b. at Chusclan, France, 21 March, 1701; d. at Roquemaure, 22 December, 1767.

• Bridge-Building Brotherhood, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02781a.htm
  During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, various religious associations were founded for the purpose of building bridges.

• Bridget of Sweden, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02782a.htm
  Biography of the mother of 8, widow, visionary, founder of the Brigittines.

• Bridgett, Thomas Edward

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02782b.htm
  Priest and author. (1829-1899)

• Bridgewater Treatises

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02783b.htm
  These publications derive their origin and their title from the Rev. Francis Henry Egerton, eighth and last Earl of Bridgewater.

• Bridgewater, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02783a.htm
  Known also as Aquapontanus, historian of the Catholic confessors under Queen Elizabeth, born in Yorkshire about 1532; died probably at Trier, about 1596.

• Briefs and Bulls

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03052b.htm
  A bulla was originally a circular plate or boss of metal, so called from its resemblance in form to a bubble floating upon water.

• Brieuc, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02784a.htm
  Celtic monk and priest, companion of St. Iltud. Brieuc died in about 502.

• Brigid of Ireland, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02784b.htm
  Biography. Monastic founder, abbess of a double monastery, friend of St. Patrick. St. Brigid died in 525.

• Brigidines, Institute of the

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16014a.htm
  Established by Most Rev. Dr. Delaney, Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, at Tullow, Co. Carlow, Ireland, in 1807.

• Brigittines

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02785a.htm
  Founded in 1346 by St. Brigit, or Bridget, of Sweden at Vadstena in the Diocese of Linköping.

• Brignon, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02787a.htm
  Member of the Society of Jesus. Born at St. Malo in 1629; died at Paris, 12 June, 1712.

• Bril, Paulus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02787b.htm
  Flemish painter and engraver, born at Antwerp, 1556; died in Rome, 7 October, 1626.

• Brillmacher, Peter Michael

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02787c.htm
  Born at Cologne in 1542, died at Mainz, 25 August, 1595.

• Brindholm, Ven. Edmund

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02787d.htm
  Martyr and parish priest of Our Lady's Church at Calais, accused of being concerned in a plot to betray Calais to the French.

• Brindisi

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02787e.htm
  Called by the Romans Brundusium or Brundisium, by the Greeks Brentesion, a city of in the province of Lecce, in Apulia, on a rocky peninsula which extends into the Adriatic.

• Brinkley, Stephen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02788a.htm
  Confessor of the Faith, imprisoned and tortured as manager of a secret press for the publication of devotional and controversial works in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

• Brisacier, Jacques-Charles de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02788b.htm
  Orator and ecclesiastical writer, b. at Bourges in 1641, d. at Paris, 23 March, 1736.

• Brisacier, Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02789a.htm
  Controversialist, b. at Blois, France, 9 June, 1592; entered the Society of Jesus in 1619, d. at Blois, 10 September, 1668.

• Brisbane

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02789b.htm
  Provides history and religious statistics.

• Brischar, Johann Nepomucene

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02790a.htm
  Church historian, born at Horb in Würtemberg in 1819, studied theology at the University of Tubingen, was appointed parish priest of Buhl near Rottenburg in 1853, where he died in 1897.

• Bristol, Ancient Diocese of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02790b.htm
  This English diocese, which takes its very origin from measures directed against the Church, has a very brief Catholic history, for it only had one bishop acknowledged by the Holy See.

• Bristow, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02791a.htm
  Born at Worcester, 1538, died at Harrow-on the-Hill, 1581.

• British Columbia

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02791b.htm
  The westernmost province of the Dominion of Canada.

• Britius, Francis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02793a.htm
  An orientalist, and a monk of Rennes in Brittany; date of birth and death unknown.

• Brittain, Thomas Lewis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02793b.htm
  Born near Chester, England, 1744; died at Hartpury Court, 1827.

• Brixen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02793d.htm
  Includes history and statistics.

• Brogan, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02795a.htm
  Article discusses several saints of this name.

• Broglie, Auguste-Théodore-Paul de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02795b.htm
  Abbé, professor of apologetics at the Institut Catholique at Paris, and writer on apologetic subjects. (1834-1895)

• Broglie, Jacques-Victor-Albert, Duc de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02796a.htm
  French statesman and historian. (1821-1901)

• Broglie, Maurice-Jean de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02796b.htm
  Born in Paris, 5 September, 1766; d. there, 20 June, 1821.

• Brogny, Jean-Allarmet de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02797a.htm
  French Cardinal. (1342-1426)

• Bromyard, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02797b.htm
  Theologian, d. about 1390.

• Brondel, John Baptist

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02798a.htm
  First Bishop of Helena, Montana, U.S.A. (1842-1903)

• Brookby, Anthony

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02798b.htm
  Friar Minor and English martyr, died 19 July 1537.

• Brookes, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02798c.htm
  Last Catholic Bishop of Gloucester, England. (1512-1560)

• Brooklyn

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02798d.htm
  Comprises the counties of Kings, Queens, Nassau, and Suffolk, or all of Long Island, in the State of New York, U.S.A.

• Brosse, Jean-Baptiste de la

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02802a.htm
  A Jesuit missionary, born 1724 at Magnac, Angoumois, France; died 1782.

• Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02802b.htm
  The founder of this religious institution, was born 8 March, 1495, at Montemor Novo, in Portugal.

• Broughton, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02803a.htm
  Catholic priest and antiquary, claiming descent from the Broughtons of Lancashire.

• Brouwer, Christoph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02803b.htm
  Historian. (1559-1617)

• Brown, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02804a.htm
  A naval officer of the Republic of Argentina. (1777-1857)

• Browne, Charles Farrar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02804b.htm
  Humorist, b. at Waterford, Oxford County, Maine, U.S.A., 26 April, 1834; d. in Southampton, England, 6 March, 1867.

• Brownson, Orestes Augustus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03001a.htm
  Philosopher, essayist, reviewer, b. at Stockbridge, Vermont, U.S.A., 16 September, 1803; d. at Detroit, Michigan, 17 April, 1876.

• Brownson, Sarah

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03003a.htm
  Writer, daughter of Orestes A. Brownson, b. at Chelsea, Massachusetts, 7 June, 1839; married William J. Tenney, 26 November, 1873; died at Elizabeth, 30 October, 1876.

• Brownsville

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03003b.htm
  Vicariate Apostolic, erected 1874.

• Brück, Heinrich

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03004a.htm
  Ecclesiastical historian and bishop, born at Bingen, 25 October, 1831; died 4 November, 1903.

• Bruel, Joachim

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03004b.htm
  A theologian and historian, born early in the seventeenth century at Vorst, a village of the province of Brabant, Belgium, died 29 June, 1653.

• Brueys, David-Augustin de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03004c.htm
  French theologian and dramatic author, born at Aix in 1640; died 25 November, 1723, at Montpellier.

• Brugère, Louis-Frédéric

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03004d.htm
  Professor of apologetics and church history, born at Orléans. (1823-1888)

• Bruges

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03005a.htm
  The chief town of the Province of West Flanders in the Kingdom of Belgium.

• Brugière, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03007a.htm
  A French priest, Jansenist, and juror. (1730-1803)

• Brugman, John

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03007b.htm
  A renowned Franciscan preacher of the fifteenth century.

• Brumidi, Constantino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03008a.htm
  An Italian-American historical painter, celebrated for his fresco work in the Capitol at Washington. (1805-1880)

• Brumoy, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03008b.htm
  French Jesuit humanist. (1704-1742)

• Brunellesco, Filippo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03008c.htm
  An architect and sculptor, born at Florence, 1377; died there 16 April, 1446.

• Brunetière, Ferdinand

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03010a.htm
  French critic and professor, born at Toulon, 19 July, 1849; died at Paris, 9 December, 1906.

• Brunforte, Ugolino

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03011a.htm
  Friar Minor and chronicler, born c. 1262; died c. 1348.

• Bruni, Leonardo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03011b.htm
  Article by Edmund Burke, summarizing the humanist's life and career.

• Brunn

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03011c.htm
  Suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Olmutz, embracing the south-western part of Moravia.

• Brunner, Francis de Sales

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03012a.htm
  Founder of the Swiss-American congregation of the Benedictines. (1795-1859)

• Brunner, Sebastian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03013a.htm
  A versatile and voluminous writer. (1814-1893)

• Bruno of Querfurt, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03018a.htm
  Courtier, monk, missionary archbishop, hagiographer, martyr. Called the Second Apostle of the Prussians.

• Bruno the Saxon

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03018b.htm
  German chronicler of the eleventh century and author of the "Historia de Bello Saxonico".

• Bruno, Giordano

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03016a.htm
  Italian philosopher. (1548-1600)

• Bruno, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03014b.htm
  Biographical article on the founder of the Carthusians.

• Bruno, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03014a.htm
  Bishop of Segni, reformer, Benedictine abbot, author of commentaries on Scripture, d. 1123.

• Brus, Anton

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03020a.htm
  Archbishop of Prague. (1518-1580)

• Brusa

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03020b.htm
  A titular see of Bithynia in Asia Minor.

• Brussels

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03021a.htm
  Capital of the Kingdom of Belgium.

• Bruté de Rémur, Simon William Gabriel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03024a.htm
  First Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana, (now Indianapolis). (1779-1839)

• Bruyas, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03024b.htm
  French missionary to the Iroquois. (1635-1712)

• Bryant, John Delavau

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03025a.htm
  Physician, poet, author, and editor. (1811-1877)

• Bubastis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03025b.htm
  A titular see of Lower Egypt.

• Bucelin, Gabriel

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03025c.htm
  Benedictine historical writer. (1599-1681)

• Bucer, Martin

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03025d.htm
  One of the leaders in the South German Reformation movement. (1491-1551)

• Bucharest

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03045a.htm
  Comprises the Kingdom of Rumania.

• Buck, Victor De

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03026a.htm
  Bollandist. (1817-1876)

• Buckfast Abbey

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03027a.htm
  Foundation date unknown, but long before the Norman Conquest.

• Buckley, Sir Patrick Alphonsus

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03028a.htm
  Irish soldier, lawyer, statesman, and judge. (1841-1896)

• Buddhism

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03028b.htm
  The religious, monastic system, founded c. 500 B.C. on the basis of pantheistic Brahminism.

• Budé, Guillaume

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03034a.htm
  Article by M. de Moreira, reviewing the key points of this thinker's career.

• Budweis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03034b.htm
  A diocese situated in Southern Bohemia, suffragan to the Archdiocese of Prague.

• Buenos Aires

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03035a.htm
  The federal capital of the Argentine Republic.

• Buffalo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03037a.htm
  Diocese established 23 April, 1847 in the state of New York.

• Buffier, Claude

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03040a.htm
  Philosopher and author. (1661-1737)

• Buglio, Louis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03040b.htm
  Jesuit missionary to China. (1606-1682)

• Buil, Bernardo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03040c.htm
  Spanish Franciscan.

• Buildings, Ecclesiastical

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03041a.htm
  This term comprehends all constructions erected for the celebration of liturgical acts, whatever be the name given to them, church, chapel, oratory, and basilica.

• Bulgaria

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03046a.htm
  A European kingdom in the northeastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.

• Bull-Fight, The Spanish

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03051a.htm
  Includes details of three kinds of bull-fights: (1) caballerescas, (2) populares, and (3) gladiatorias.

• Bulla Aurea

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03048a.htm
  A fundamental law of the Holy Roman Empire; probably the best known of all the many ordinances of the imperial diet.

• Bullarium

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03048c.htm
  A term commonly applied to a collection of bulls and other analogous papal documents.

• Bullion, Angélique

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03052a.htm
  Born in Paris, at commencement of the seventeenth century. An unknown benefactress of several charities.

• Bulstrode, Sir Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03058a.htm
  A soldier, diplomatist, and author, born 1610; died 1711.

• Bunderius, Joannes

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03059a.htm
  Flemish theologian and controversialist. (1482-1557)

• Buonarroti, Michelangelo

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03059b.htm
  Italian sculptor, painter, and architect. (1475-1564)

• Burchard of Basle

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03063a.htm
  Belonged to the family of the counts of Neuenburg, or Neuchatel, was born towards the middle of the eleventh century, and died 12 April, 1107.

• Burchard of Worms

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03064a.htm
  Bishop of that see, born of noble parents in Hesse, Germany, after the middle of the tenth century; died 20 August, 1025.

• Burchard of Würzurg, Saint

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03064b.htm
  First bishop of Würzburg, d. about 754.

• Burckmair, Hans

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03064c.htm
  Painter of the Swabian school. (1473-1531)

• Burgis, Edward Ambrose

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03065a.htm
  Dominican historian and theologian. (1673-1747)

• Burgoa, Francisco

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03065b.htm
  Historical and geographical writer. Born at Oaxaca about 1600; d. at Teopozotlan in 1681.

• Burgos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03065c.htm
  Since the tenth century an episcopal see of Spain, to which in the eleventh century the ancient Sees of Oca and Valpuesta were transferred.

• Burgundy

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03068a.htm
  In medieval times respectively a kingdom and a duchy, later a province of France.

• Burial, Christian

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03071a.htm
  The interment of a deceased person with ecclesiastical rites in consecrated ground.

• Buridan, Jean

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03078a.htm
  French scholastic philosopher of the fourteenth century, b. at Béthune, in the district of Atois towards the end of the thirteenth century; date of death unknown.

• Burigny, Jean Lévesque de

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03079a.htm
  Historian, b. at Reims, 1692; d. at Paris, 1785.

• Burkard, Franz

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03079b.htm
  The name of two celebrated German jurists.

• Burke, Edmund

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03079c.htm
  First Vicar Apostolic of Nova Scotia. (1753-1820)

• Burke, Thomas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03079d.htm
  Bishop of Ossory, b. at Dublin, Ireland, about 1709; d. at Kilkenny, 25 September, 1776.

• Burke, Thomas Nicholas

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03080a.htm
  Dominican orator. (1830-1882)

• Burleigh, Walter

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03081a.htm
  Friar Minor and medieval philosopher, b. in 1275 and d. in 1337.

• Burlington

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03081b.htm
  Diocese established 14 July, 1853; comprises the whole State of Vermont, U.S.A.

• Burma

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03082a.htm
  Before its annexation by the British, Burma consisted of the kingdoms of Ava and Pegu.

• Burnett, Peter Hardeman

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03083a.htm
  First American Governor of California. (1807-1895)

• Burns, James

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03084a.htm
  Publisher and author. (1808-1871)

• Burse

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03084b.htm
  A receptacle in which, for reasons of convenience xnd reverence, the folded corporal is carried to and from the altar.

• Bursfeld, The Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03084c.htm
  One of the most celebrated Benedictine monasteries in Germany in the Middle Ages. Founded in 1093 by Duke Henry of Nordheim and his wife Gertrude.

• Bury St. Edmund's, The Abbey of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03085a.htm
  The first religious foundation there was established by Sigebert, King of the East Angles, who resigned his crown to found a monastery about 537.

• Busée, Pierre

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03086b.htm
  Jesuit theologian. (1540-1587)

• Busembaum, Hermann

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03086c.htm
  Jesuit moral theologian. (1600-1668)

• Busiris

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03087a.htm
  A titular see taking its title from one of the many Egyptian cities of the same name.

• Buskins

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03087b.htm
  Ceremonial stockings of silk, sometimes interwoven with gold threads, and even heavily embroidered, worn by the celebrant of a pontifical Mass.

• Buss, Franz Joseph, Ritter von

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03088a.htm
  Jurist, b. 23 March, 1803 at Zell in Baden; d. 31 January, 1878, at Freiburg im Breisgau.

• Bustamante, Carlos María

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03088b.htm
  Mexican statesman and historian. (1774-1848)

• Buston, Thomas Stephen

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03089a.htm
  Jesuit missionary and author. (1549-1619)

• Bute, John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, Third Marquess of

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03089b.htm
  Born at Mountstuart, Bute, 12 September, 1847; d. at Dumfries House, Ayrshire, 9 October, 1900.

• Buteux, Jacques

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03089c.htm
  French Jesuit missionary in Canada. (1600-1652)

• Butler, Alban

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03090a.htm
  Seventeenth-century English Catholic.

• Butler, Charles

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03090b.htm
  English lawyer. (1750-1832)

• Butler, Mary Joseph

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03091a.htm
  Irish Abbess. (1641-1723)

• Butler, Sir William Francis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16015a.htm
  Irish general and writer. (1838-1910)

• Buttress

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03092a.htm
  A pilaster, pier, or body of masonry projecting beyond the main face of the wall and intended to strengthen the wall at particular points.

• Byblos

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03092c.htm
  Titular see of Phoenicia.

• Bye-Altar

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03092d.htm
  An altar that is subordinate to the central or high altar.

• Byllis

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03092e.htm
  Titular see of Albania.

• Byrd, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03092f.htm
  Article examining life, sacred and secular music, and related composers.

• Byrne, Andrew

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03093a.htm
  Bishop of Little Rock, Arkansas. (1802-1862)

• Byrne, Richard

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03093b.htm
  U.S. Civil War hero. (1832-1864)

• Byrne, William

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03093c.htm
  Missionary and educator. (1780-1833)

• Byzantine Architecture

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03094a.htm
  A mixed style, i.e. a style composed of Graeco-Roman and Oriental elements which, in earlier centuries, cannot be clearly separated.

• Byzantine Art

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03095a.htm
  The art of the Eastern Roman Empire and of its capital Byzantium, or Constantinople.

• Byzantine Empire, The

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03096a.htm
  Term employed to designate the Eastern survival of the ancient Roman Empire.

• Byzantine Literature

  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03113a.htm
  The four cultural elements included are the Greek, the Christian, the Roman, and the Oriental.

 

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