Home > Science > Biology > Flora and Fauna > Animalia > Arthropoda > Insecta > Siphonaptera
Fleas are small, wingless, laterally compressed blood sucking insects. Most fleas are mammalian ectoparasites but a few parasitize birds. About 2400 species are known. Like most parasites, fleas are highly derived and specialized. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and sucking and mandibles are lacking. The cuticle is sclerotized and hard and the entire body surface is protected by sclerites.
http://crawford.tardigrade.net/bugs/BugofMonth25.html
Popular article about fleas, their evolution and life cycle, and the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis, its host finding and control.
http://www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/Ctenocephalidescanis.htm
Photographs of the dog flea. Click to enlarge.
http://www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/Ctenocephalidesfelis.htm
Several photographs of the cat flea, its larvae and pupae. Click to enlarge.
http://entoplp.okstate.edu/ddd/insects/fleas.htm
Photograph of a flea, with information on its hosts, life cycle and description.
http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/occas/catflea.htm
Photographs and a description of this flea, its distribution, life cycle, medical and economic significance and management.
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2008/kwong_hoi/
Research project by Hoi King Kwong on these parasites including their classification, morphology, habitat, reproduction, adaptations, nutrition and interactions with other species.
http://www.mta.ca/dmf/flea.html
Scanning digital micrograph.
http://www.fleacircus.co.uk/
Flea Circuses and performing fleas in history, film and fiction. Including a directory of real and "humbug" flea circus performers.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/IG087
This article describes these pests, their biology, importance and control measures.
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/document_ig087
Article by P.G. Koehler about flea biology with photographs and information on their control.
http://www.zin.ru/Animalia/Siphonaptera
Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (St.Petersburg, Russia) presents information on morphology, biology, distribution and importance of fleas (Class Insecta: Order Siphonaptera).
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artjun98/insecin2.html
Photographic study by Dave Walker of these insects.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/uniramia/siphonaptera.html
A brief introduction to fleas by UCMP Berkeley, with photograph.
http://www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/pulex.htm
Photograph of the human flea with its identifying features. Click to enlarge.
http://www.ento.csiro.au/education/insects/siphonaptera.html
The characteristics of these wingless insects, their life cycle, feeding and habitat, with illustrations.
http://www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/Tungapenetrans.htm
Photograph of the sand flea or chigger, with its identifying features. Click to enlarge.
http://www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/Xenopsyllabrasiliensis.htm
Photograph of this flea. Click to enlarge.
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