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The QWERTY keyboard layout of 1874 was originally devised by typewriter inventor Christopher Sholes.
The Dvorak layout, a more efficient and ergonomic alternative to QWERTY and its variants devised by August Dvorak in 1932 after almost two decades of research.
http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/carpalx/
The carpalx project introduces a quantitative model for typing effort and applies it to QWERTY and popular alternatives.
http://colemak.com/
Alternative to QWERTY and Dvorak layouts, ergonomic touch typing in English that uses an existing keyboard.
http://discovermagazine.com/1997/apr/thecurseofqwerty1099
The history, design choices, and consequences of the Sholes and Dvorak layouts. By Jared Diamond. [Discover]
http://yasuoka.blogspot.com/
Provides detailed historical information about the invention of this layout. By Koichi Yasuoka.
http://reason.com/archives/1996/06/01/typing-errors
Article opposing QWERTY's use as a "false example" of lock-in of inferior technology (as a case against free markets). Less detailed than their 1990 article. By Stan Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis.
http://viralintrospection.wordpress.com/2010/09/06/a-different-philosophy-in-designing-keyboard-layouts/
An article about QWERTY and Colemak layouts, and an attempt to improve them with the Workman layout.
http://www.xpertkeyboard.com/
Escape the Qwerty speed trap with XPeRT Keyboard layout. Built for speed and easy transition.
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